linux mysql无故无法启动了,centos 7

转自： http://support.moonpoint.com/software/database/mysql/not-running-centos7.php

下面简单翻译一下。 详细内容可以阅读英文原文。

笔者的情况是这样的。购买的linode VPS 默认使用wordpress的 centos7 模板为环境一键安装的。 安装完成后，导入WP数据库上传wordpress主题，配置环境设置文件夹权限， 域名解析过去，完毕后一切正常。但是第二天，忽然就无法访问数据库了。 使用控制台连进去之后发现mysql服务死掉了。 重启命令无效，重启系统无效。

service mysqld start

始终提示如下：

Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.

死活都提示找不到。

无奈，网上搜索半天总算找到一个可以用的。 其实是默认的这个环境一起安装了一个叫MariaDB的东西（可以把它理解为mysql的安全向导），帮助提高mysql的安全性。 

原文的思路如下，先查看mysql版本，发现是mysql是有的，但是为何提示不存在呢，那就一步步排查原因。 

后面就找到 etc/my.cnf 这个文件打开查看引用的各个路径，也都一一找到了。 那这到底是为啥呢，这老外也是百思不得解，然后他也进行了搜索，搜到一篇stackoverflow的内容，就是安装MariaDB之后，就找不到mysqld了。于是乎一楼的答案就给出了：

安装MariaDB之后必须先启动MariaDB才能启动mysqld，其实就是运行一下MariaDB向导，它是个一次性的东东，就是帮助你提高mysql安全性的，详细看这里：http://www.jb51.net/article/47727.htm

总结一下就是运行下面三句就搞定啦：

systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl enable mariadb.service
mysql_secure_installation

MySQL service not running on CentOS 7 system

I had installed the MariaDB, a fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS) on a CentOS 7 system when I set up the system. When I checked the version of the software with the mysql --version command, I saw the following:

# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.37-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

But, when I ran the mysql command on the system, I received the error message shown below:

# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (111)

I checked to see if the mysqld service was running and found it was not.

# systemctl status mysqld.service
mysqld.service
   Loaded: not-found (Reason: No such file or directory)
   Active: inactive (dead)

When I tried to start the service, it wouldn't start.

# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service
Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
# systemctl start mysqld.service
Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.

I checked the contents of the /etc/my.cnf file and saw the following:

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

I checked for the existence of files and directories listed in that file. I saw the following results for the locations for datadir, socket, log-error, and pid-file:

# ls -ld /var/lib/mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 19 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 14 23:46 /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost install]# ls -l /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 Sep 29 15:05 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# ls -l /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 0 Oct  5 20:49 /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
# ls -l /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
ls: cannot access /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid: No such file or directory

I didn't see any mariadb.pid file, but I wouldn't expect it to be created until the mysqld service successfully started.

When I checked the files in the includedir directory, I saw the following:

# ls -l /etc/my.cnf.d
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 295 Apr 15  2014 client.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 232 Apr 15  2014 mysql-clients.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 744 Apr 15  2014 server.cnf

So I didn't know why I was getting the "Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'" message when I issued the command mysql nor why my attempt to start the mySQL service failed with a "No such file or directory" message. Searching online, I found a posting by danneth at No mysqld or mysql.server after mariadb-server install to use systemctl start mariadb.service. When I used that command, I didn't see any error messages. I tried thesystemctl startus mysqld service after issuing the command, but still saw a error message for it. But, when I then issued the mysql command I received an "access denied" message this time, which seemed reasonable, since I hadn't provided the password for the root account when I issued the command..

# systemctl start mariadb.service
# systemctl status mysqld service
mysqld.service
   Loaded: not-found (Reason: No such file or directory)
   Active: inactive (dead)


service.service
   Loaded: not-found (Reason: No such file or directory)
   Active: inactive (dead)

# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

When I was using CentOS 5, I had MySQL rather than MariaDB and I didn't know I needed to start the MariaDB RDBMS service on the CentOS 7 system using a command referencing mariadb rather mysqld. I assumed I could reference mysqld to start the service.

The history behind the creation of MariaDB can be found in the history section of the Wikipedia article on MySQL. MariaDB was created by one of the cofounders of MySQL, Michael Widenius, after Oracle Corporation obtained rights to the MySQL software from Sun Microsystems.

To have the MariaDB service start automatically each time the system boots, issue the command systemctl enable mariadb.service. After you have started the service, also issue the command mysql_secure_installation.

# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
ERROR 1146 (42S02) at line 1: Table 'mysql.servers' doesn't exist
 ... Failed!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

I had it remove the anonymous account, since leaving it would be a security vulnerability. I also chose to disallow remote root login to MariaDB and the test database for the same reason.

I had copied the contents of the /var/lib/mysql directory from the hard drive of the prior CentOS 5 system to the new CentOS 7 system to have all of the databases from the old system available on the new system, so that appeared to be the reason that the mysql_secure_installation, which can be found in /usr/bin, did not accept my just hitting Enter for the password initially. When I entered the root password for MySQL on the old system, it was accepted. And I was able finally get a prompt where I could enter SQL commands using that password with mysql -u root -p .

# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 5.5.37-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

So the 3 steps to enable and run MariaDB are as follows, assuming it was previously installed during the initial setup for the system or with yum install mariadb mariadb-server:

systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl enable mariadb.service
mysql_secure_installation