Java之String

一、String,StringBuffer, StringBuilder 的区别是什么?String为什么是不可变的?###

  1. String是常量,它们的值在创建之后不能更改。(常量的定义:)
  2. 因为是常量,对String的+操作的重载存在问题。虽然通过引入StringBuilder优化过String的+,但是在循环中使用时,还是存在性能问题。

public class StringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String mango = "mango";
        String s = "abc"+ mango+ "def"+47;
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

如上Java代码用javap -c Concatenation 解析出来如下:

public class _13.CopyOfStringTest {
    public _13.CopyOfStringTest();
    Code:
       0: aload_0       
       1: invokespecial #8                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return        

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #16                 // String mango
       2: astore_1      
       3: new           #18                 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       6: dup           
       7: ldc           #20                 // String abc
       9: invokespecial #22                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
      12: aload_1       
      13: invokevirtual #25                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      16: ldc           #29                 // String def
      18: invokevirtual #25                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      21: bipush        47
      23: invokevirtual #31                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      26: invokevirtual #34                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
      29: astore_2      
      30: getstatic     #38                 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
      33: aload_2       
      34: invokevirtual #44                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
      37: return        
}

我们可以发现Java编译器的处理是,新建StringBuilder对象,使用该对象完成对字符串的+操作后,最终将StringBuilder转换成String返回。这一定程度上提高了,程序的处理效率。

  • 但是这并不意味着我们可以随意使用String对象,反正编译器可以为我们优化性能。从以下代码可以看出来:

    public class CopyOfStringTest {
    public String implicit(String[] fields) {
    String result = "";
    for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
    result += fields[i];
    }
    return result;
    }

    public String explicit(String[] fields) {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
    result.append(fields[i]);
    }
    return result.toString();
    }
    }

对其进行编译处理

public class _13.CopyOfStringTest {
  public _13.CopyOfStringTest();
    Code:
       0: aload_0       
       1: invokespecial #8                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return        

  public java.lang.String implicit(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #16                 // String 
       2: astore_2      
       3: iconst_0      
       4: istore_3      
       5: goto          32
       8: new           #18                 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
      11: dup           
      12: aload_2       
      13: invokestatic  #20                 // Method java/lang/String.valueOf:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/String;
      16: invokespecial #26                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
      19: aload_1       
      20: iload_3       
      21: aaload        
      22: invokevirtual #29                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      25: invokevirtual #33                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
      28: astore_2      
      29: iinc          3, 1
      32: iload_3       
      33: aload_1       
      34: arraylength   
      35: if_icmplt     8
      38: aload_2       
      39: areturn       

  public java.lang.String explicit(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: new           #18                 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       3: dup           
       4: invokespecial #45                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
       7: astore_2      
       8: iconst_0      
       9: istore_3      
      10: goto          24
      13: aload_2       
      14: aload_1       
      15: iload_3       
      16: aaload        
      17: invokevirtual #29                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      20: pop           
      21: iinc          3, 1
      24: iload_3       
      25: aload_1       
      26: arraylength   
      27: if_icmplt     13
      30: aload_2       
      31: invokevirtual #33                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
      34: areturn       
}

直接使用StringBuilder和使用String然后依靠编译器优化的区别为,一个是由编译器在循环内自动生成的StringBuilder,一个是在循环外手动创建的StringBuilder。很明显,在编译器自动优化时会产生大量的多余的StringBuilder对象。因此在循环中使用toString等操作时,最好自己创建一个StringBuilder对象。

  • StringBuilder的常用的方法有
    • append()
    • toString()
    • delete(int start包含, int end不包含)
  1. StringBuilder和StringBuffer的区别:

StringBuffer是线程安全的,而StringBuilder是非线程安全的。ps:线程安全会带来额外的系统开销,所以StringBuilder的效率比StringBuffer高。如果对系统中的线程是否安全很掌握,可用StringBuilder,在线程不安全处加上关键字Synchronize。

posted @ 2015-04-24 14:41  Alcc  阅读(121)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报