string 类简介和例程
一、标准库string类型
string类型支持长度可变的字符串,C++标准库将负责管理与存储字符相关的内存,以及提供各种有用的操作 ,在VC中直接F1查看
template < class CharType, class Traits=char_traits<CharType>, class Allocator=allocator<CharType> > class basic_string
typedef basic_string<char> string;
typedef basic_string<wchar_t> wstring;
要使用string类型对象,必须包含相关头文件
#include <string>
using std::string;
string对象的定义和初始化:
string s1; //默认构造函数,s1为空串
string s2(s1); //将s2初始化为s1的一个副本
string s3(“value”); //将s3初始化为一个字符串字面值副本
string s4(n, ‘c’); //将s4初始化为字符‘c’的n个副本
常用成员函数:
例程1:
C++ Code
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#include <string>
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(void) { string s1; string s2("abcdefghijkl"); cout << s2 << endl; basic_string<char> s3("xxx"); // 等价于string s3("xxx"); cout << s3 << endl; string s4("abcdefg", 4); cout << s4 << endl; string s5(s2, 2, 3); cout << s5 << endl; string::iterator first = s2.begin() + 1; string::iterator last = s2.begin() + 3; string s6(first, last); //[first, last) cout << s6 << endl; return 0; } |
例程2:
C++ Code
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#include <string>
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(void) { string s1("abcdefdg"); cout << s1.size() << endl; cout << s1.length() << endl; cout << s1.empty() << endl; cout << s1.substr(1, 2) << endl; cout << s1.substr(1) << endl; //等价于s1.substr(1, -1); string::size_type pos = s1.find('d', 1);//位置从0开始算起 if (pos == string::npos) //npos = -1 cout << "not found" << endl; else cout << "pos=" << pos << endl; pos = s1.rfind('d'); if (pos == string::npos) cout << "not found" << endl; else cout << "pos=" << pos << endl; return 0; } |
例程3:
C++ Code
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#include <string>
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(void) { string s1("abcdefghijkl"); s1.replace(2, 2, "AAAAAA"); cout << s1 << endl; s1 = "abcdefg"; s1.replace(s1.begin() + 1, s1.begin() + 4, "AAAAAA"); cout << s1 << endl; string s2 = "xyzabc"; s2.insert(2, "MMMM"); //在位置2之前插入 cout << s2 << endl; s2.append("6666"); cout << s2 << endl; string s3 = "111"; s2.swap(s3); cout << s2 << endl; cout << s3 << endl; return 0; } |
例程4:
C++ Code
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#include <string>
#include <iostream> using namespace std; void fun(char *str) { cout << str << endl; } int main(void) { string s1 = "abc"; s1[1] = 'B'; cout << s1 << endl; const string s2 = "xyz"; //s2[1] = 'Y'; Error s2[1] 返回的是 const char& string s3 = "111" + s1 + "222" ; cout << s3 << endl; //s3.c_str() fun(const_cast<char *>(s3.c_str())); return 0; } |
例程5:
C++ Code
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#include <string>
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { string strinfo = " //*---Hello World!......------"; string strset = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; string::size_type first = strinfo.find_first_of(strset); if(first == string::npos) cout << "not find any characters" << endl; string::size_type last = strinfo.find_last_of(strset); if(last == string::npos) cout << "not find any characters" << endl; cout << strinfo.substr(first, last - first + 1) << endl; return 0; } |
输出:Hello World
可以利用find_first_of 等操作去除空格,如去除左空格可以这样:
string s = " afas";
string drop = " \t";
s.erase(0, s.find_first_not_of(drop));
去除右空格:
string s = " dsfs ";
string drop = " \t";
s.erase(s.find_last_not_of(drop)+1);
参考:
C++ primer 第四版
Effective C++ 3rd
C++编程规范