HTTPS请求 SSL证书验证

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import urllib2   url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"   headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}   request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)   response = urllib2.urlopen(request)   print response.read()

　　

运行结果：

urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)>

所以，如果以后遇到这种网站，我们需要单独处理SSL证书，让程序忽略SSL证书验证错误，即可正常访问。

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import urllib import urllib2 # 1. 导入Python SSL处理模块 import ssl   # 2. 表示忽略未经核实的SSL证书认证 context = ssl._create_unverified_context()   url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"   headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}   request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)   # 3. 在urlopen()方法里 指明添加 context 参数 response = urllib2.urlopen(request, context = context)   print response.read()