Dubbo23_Dubbo快速入门4

Dubbo作为一个RPC框架,其最核心的功能就是要实现跨网络的远程调用。本小节就是要创建两个应用,一个作为服务的提供方,一个作为服务的消费方。通过Dubbo来实现服务消费方远程调用服务提供方的方法。

一、服务提供方开发

 1、开发步骤

 (1)创建maven工程(打包方式为war)dubbodemo_provider,在pom.xml文件中导入如下坐标

 (2)配置web.xml文件

 (3)创建服务接口

 (4)创建服务实现类

 (5)在src/main/resources下创建applicationContext-service.xml

 (6)启动服务

 2、代码实现

   工程框架:

        

  (1)创建maven工程(打包方式为war)dubbodemo_provider,在pom.xml文件中导入如下坐标

   先创建一个空的工程dubbbo_demo,在这个空的工程下创建模块dubbodemo_provider

     

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
  <artifactId>dubbodemo_provider</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>dubbodemo_provider Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- dubbo相关 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
      <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
      <version>3.4.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
      <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
      <version>0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javassist</groupId>
      <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
      <version>3.12.1.GA</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.47</version>
    </dependency>
<!--    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.47</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>-->
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <!-- 指定端口 -->
          <port>8091</port>
          <!-- 请求路径 -->
          <path>/</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

  (2)配置web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

  (3)创建服务接口

package com.itheima.service;

public interface HelloService {

    public String saveHello(String name);
}

  (4)创建服务实现类

package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import com.itheima.service.HelloService;

@Service //发布服务必须使用Dubbo提供的Service注解,默认协议就是dubbo,也可以写成@Service(protocol="dubbo")
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {

    @Override
    public String saveHello(String name) {

        return "hello "+name;
    }
}

  (5)在src/main/resources下创建applicationContext-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
         http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
         http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--每个dubbo应用(服务提供方和服务消费方)都必须指定一个唯一的名称-->
    <!--当前应用名称,用于注册中心计算应用间依赖关系:注意:消费者和提供者应用名不要一样-->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_provider"></dubbo:application>
    <!--指定服务注册中心zookeeper ip为zookeeper所在服务器的ip地址-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.240.128:2181"></dubbo:registry>
    <!--配置协议和端口-->
    <!--注册   协议和端口       端口默认是20880-->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"></dubbo:protocol>
    <!--指定包扫描,用于发布dubbo服务,加入@Service注解的类会被发布为服务-->
    <dubbo:annotation package="com.itheima.service.impl"></dubbo:annotation>

</beans>

  (6)启动服务

    注意:启动前要把zookeeper服务器上的防火墙关闭,否则启动会失败,报错:Zookeeper is not connected yet!

     

二、服务消费方开发

 1、开发步骤:

 (1)创建maven工程(打包方式为war)dubbodemo_consumer,pom.xml配置和上面服务提供者相同,只需要将Tomcat插件的端口号改为8082即可

 (2)配置web.xml文件

 (3)将服务提供者工程中的HelloService接口复制到当前工程

 (4)编写Controller

 (5)在src/main/resources下创建applicationContext-web.xml

 (6)运行测试

 2、代码实现:

  (1)创建maven工程(打包方式为war)dubbodemo_consumer,pom.xml配置和上面服务提供者相同,只需要将Tomcat插件的端口号改为8082即可

  (2)配置web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 指定加载的配置文件 ,通过参数contextConfigLocation加载 -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:applicationContext-web.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

  (3)将服务提供者工程中的HelloService接口复制到当前工程

  (4)编写Controller

package com.itheima.controller;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import com.itheima.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {

    @Reference
    private HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping("/sayHello")
    @ResponseBody
    public String saveHello(String name){
        return helloService.saveHello(name);
    }
}

  (5)在src/main/resources下创建applicationContext-web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
            http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
            http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--当前应用名称,用于注册中心计算应用间依赖关系:注意:消费者和提供者应用名不要一样-->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_consumer"></dubbo:application>
    <!-- 连接服务注册中心zookeeper ip为zookeeper所在服务器的ip地址-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.240.128:2181"></dubbo:registry>
    <!-- 扫描的方式暴露接口  -->
    <dubbo:annotation package="com.itheima.controller"></dubbo:annotation>
    <!--<dubbo:consumer check="false"></dubbo:consumer>-->

</beans>

  (6)运行测试

     tomcat7:run启动

    浏览器访问http://localhost:8092/hello/sayHello.do?name=itcast,查看浏览器输出结果

     

三、思考

 思考一:上面的Dubbo入门案例中我们是将HelloService接口从服务提供者工程(dubbodemo_provider)复制到服务消费者工程(dubbodemo_consumer)中,这种做法是否合适?还有没有更好的方式?

  答:这种做法显然是不好的,同一个接口被复制了两份,不利于后期维护。更好的方式是单独创建一个maven工程,将此接口创建在这个maven工程中。需要依赖此接口的工程只需要在自己工程的pom.xml文件中引入maven坐标即可。

 思考二:在服务消费者工程(dubbodemo_consumer)中只是引用了HelloService接口,并没有提供实现类,Dubbo是如何做到远程调用的?

  答:Dubbo底层是基于代理技术为HelloService接口创建代理对象,远程调用是通过此代理对象完成的。可以通过开发工具的debug功能查看此代理对象的内部结构。另外,Dubbo实现网络传输底层是基于Netty框架完成的。

 思考三:上面的Dubbo入门案例中我们使用Zookeeper作为服务注册中心,服务提供者需要将自己的服务信息注册到Zookeeper,服务消费者需要从Zookeeper订阅自己所需要的服务,此时Zookeeper服务就变得非常重要了,那如何防止Zookeeper单点故障呢?

  答:Zookeeper其实是支持集群模式的,可以配置Zookeeper集群来达到Zookeeper服务的高可用,防止出现单点故障。

 四、加入log4j日志

  项目中resources目录下加入log4j日志,能够看到更多的log信息

  dubbodemo_provider和dubbodemo_consumer都需要加入log4j.properties,加入后重新启动就能看到日志信息

 

posted on 2024-03-22 11:34  花溪月影  阅读(6)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报