Spring17_基于XML的AOP开发10
一、快速入门
1. 导入 AOP 相关坐标
2. 创建目标接口和目标类(内部有切点)
3. 创建切面类(内部有增强方法)
4. 将目标类和切面类的对象创建权交给spring
5. 在applicationContext.xml中配置织入关系
6. 测试代码
代码实现:
新建一个module:itheima_spring_aop
1. 导入 AOP 相关坐标
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>itheima_spring_aop</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <!-- 导入spring的context坐标,context依赖aop --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- aspectj的织入 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.9.19</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
2. 创建目标接口和目标类(内部有切点)
package com.itheima.aop; public interface TargetInterface { public void save(); }
package com.itheima.aop; public class Target implements TargetInterface { public void save() { System.out.println("save running ..."); } }
3. 创建切面类(内部有增强方法)
package com.itheima.aop; public class MyAspect { public void before(){ System.out.println("前置增强......"); } }
4. 将目标类和切面类的对象创建权交给spring
resources->applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--配置目标类,目标对象--> <bean id="target" class="com.itheima.aop.Target"></bean> <!--配置切面类,切面对象--> <bean id="myAspect" class="com.itheima.aop.MyAspect"></bean> </beans>
5. 在applicationContext.xml中配置织入关系
导入aop命名空间
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
配置切点表达式和前置增强的织入关系
<!--配置织入:告诉spring框架 哪些方法(切点)需要进行哪些增强(前置、后置...) --> <aop:config> <!--引用myAspect的Bean为切面对象,即声明切面--> <aop:aspect ref="myAspect"> <!--配置Target的save方法执行时要进行myAspect的before方法前置增强,即切面:切点+通知--> <aop:before method="before" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.Target.save())"></aop:before> </aop:aspect> </aop:config>
6. 测试代码
itheima_spring_aop模块下src->test->java包下新建测试类
package com.itheima.test; import com.itheima.aop.TargetInterface; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class AopTest { @Autowired private TargetInterface target; @Test public void test1(){ target.save(); } }
先把applicationContext.xml中配置织入关系的代码注掉,执行test1,检查控制台输出:save running ...
把applicationContext.xml中配置织入关系代码加上,执行test1,检查控制台输出:
二、XML配置AOP详解
1. 通知的类型
通知的配置语法:
<aop:通知类型 method=“切面类中方法名” pointcut=“切点表达式"></aop:通知类型>
代码实现:
a. 前置通知、后置通知
package com.itheima.aop; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; public class MyAspect { public void before(){ System.out.println("前置增强......"); } public void afterReturning(){ System.out.println("后置通知"); } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <bean id="target" class="com.itheima.aop.Target"></bean> <bean id="myAspect" class="com.itheima.aop.MyAspect"></bean> <aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="myAspect"> <aop:before method="before" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))"></aop:before> <aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))"></aop:after-returning> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
执行AopTest类的test1,检查控制台输出:
b. 环绕通知
package com.itheima.aop; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; public class MyAspect { public void before(){ System.out.println("前置增强......"); } public void afterReturning(){ System.out.println("后置通知"); } //ProceedingJoinPoint 正在执行的连接点=切点 public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable { System.out.println("环绕前增强"); //切点方法 Object proceed = pjp.proceed(); System.out.println("环绕后增强"); return proceed; } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <bean id="target" class="com.itheima.aop.Target"></bean> <bean id="myAspect" class="com.itheima.aop.MyAspect"></bean> <aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="myAspect"> <aop:around method="around" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))"></aop:around> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
执行AopTest类的test1,检查控制台输出:
c. 异常抛出通知
增加方法执行时出现异常执行异常抛出通知方法,后置通知不会执行。
package com.itheima.aop; public class Target implements TargetInterface { public void save() { int i = 1/0; System.out.println("save running ..."); } }
package com.itheima.aop; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; public class MyAspect { //ProceedingJoinPoint 正在执行的连接点=切点 public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable { System.out.println("环绕前增强"); //切点方法 Object proceed = pjp.proceed(); System.out.println("环绕后增强"); return proceed; } public void afterThrowing(){ System.out.println("异常抛出异常..."); } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <bean id="target" class="com.itheima.aop.Target"></bean> <bean id="myAspect" class="com.itheima.aop.MyAspect"></bean> <aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="myAspect"> <aop:around method="around" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))"></aop:around> <aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))"></aop:after-throwing> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
执行AopTest类的test1,检查控制台输出,可以看到没有输出save running,因为异常是在输出语句之前就抛出了
package com.itheima.aop; public class Target implements TargetInterface { public void save() { System.out.println("save running ..."); int i = 1/0; } }
执行AopTest类的test1,检查控制台输出,可以看到输出save running了
d. 最终通知
不管增强方法执行是否有异常都会执行。
package com.itheima.aop; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; public class MyAspect { //ProceedingJoinPoint 正在执行的连接点=切点 public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable { System.out.println("环绕前增强"); //切点方法 Object proceed = pjp.proceed(); System.out.println("环绕后增强"); return proceed; } public void afterThrowing(){ System.out.println("异常抛出异常..."); } public void after(){ System.out.println("最终增强..."); } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <bean id="target" class="com.itheima.aop.Target"></bean> <bean id="myAspect" class="com.itheima.aop.MyAspect"></bean> <aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="myAspect"> <aop:around method="around" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))" /> <aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))" /> <aop:after method="after" pointcut="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))" /> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
执行AopTest类的test1,检查控制台输出,可以看到虽然抛出了异常,最终增强还是执行了。
2. 切点表达式的写法
表达式语法:
execution([修饰符] 返回值类型 包名.类名.方法名(参数))
- 访问修饰符可以省略
- 返回值类型、包名、类名、方法名可以使用星号* 代表任意
- 包名与类名之间一个点 . 代表当前包下的类,两个点 .. 表示当前包及其子包下的类
- 参数列表可以使用两个点 .. 表示任意个数,任意类型的参数列表
例如:
execution(public void com.itheima.aop.Target.save()) execution(void com.itheima.aop.Target.*(..) 表示Target类下的任意方法 execution(* com.itheima.aop.*.*(..)) 表示aop包下的任意类下的任意方法,最常用 execution(* com.itheima.aop..*.*(..)) 表示aop包及其子包下的任意类的任意方法,即aop包下有a包,a包下的任意类的任意方法也会被增强 execution(* *..*.*(..)) 意义不大
3. 切点表达式的抽取
当多个增强的切点表达式相同时,可以将切点表达式进行抽取,在增强中使用 pointcut-ref 属性代替 pointcut 属性来引用抽取后的切点表达式。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <bean id="target" class="com.itheima.aop.Target"></bean> <bean id="myAspect" class="com.itheima.aop.MyAspect"></bean> <aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="myAspect"> <aop:pointcut id="myPointCut" expression="execution(public void com.itheima.aop.*.*(..))"/> <aop:around method="around" pointcut-ref="myPointCut" /> <aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="myPointCut" /> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
package com.itheima.aop; public class Target implements TargetInterface { public void save() { System.out.println("save running ..."); } }
执行AopTest类的test1,检查控制台输出
三、知识要点
- aop织入的配置
<aop:config> <aop:aspect ref=“切面类”> <aop:before method=“通知方法名称” pointcut=“切点表达式"></aop:before> </aop:aspect> </aop:config>
-
通知的类型:前置通知、后置通知、环绕通知、异常抛出通知、最终通知
- 切点表达式的写法:
execution([修饰符] 返回值类型 包名.类名.方法名(参数))