TCP连接建立系列 — TCP选项解析
本文主要分析:在收到客户端的SYN包时,服务器端是如何解析它所携带的TCP选项,并结合本端情况决定是否予以支持。
内核版本:3.6
Author:zhangskd @ csdn blog
概述
收到客户端的SYN包时,需要全面的解析它携带的TCP选项,这样我们就知道客户端支持哪些选项,如果本端也支持,
那么连接就支持这些TCP选项。这些信息在连接建立的过程中,是保存在连接请求块的(request_sock、inet_request_sock、
tcp_request_sock)。
函数调用路径:
tcp_v4_conn_request
|--> tcp_parse_options
3.6版本Linux内核支持的TCP选项包括:
NOP,用于填充。
Max Segment Size,最大分段大小。
Window Scaling,窗口扩大因子。
SACK Permit,是否允许使用SACK。
SACK,携带SACK块。
Timestamp,时间戳选项。
MD5SIG,MD5签名。
Cookie,Cookie extension,2013年3月已从内核移除。
EXP,Experimental,处于实验阶段的选项,新版本用于Fast Open。
实现
全面解析数据包的TCP选项,并保存到指定的tcp_options_received实例中。
/* Look for tcp options. Normally only called on SYN and SYNACK packets. * But, this can also be called on packets in the established flow when the fast version below fails. */ void tcp_parse_options(const struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcp_options_received *opt_rx, const u8 **hvpp, int estab, struct tcp_fastopen_cookie *foc) { const unsigned char *ptr; const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb); int length = (th->doff * 4) - sizeof(struct tcphdr); /* 选项的总长度 */ ptr = (const unsigned char *) (th + 1); /* 选项的起始地址 */ opt_rx->saw_tstamp = 0; /* Saw TIMESTAMP on last packet */ while(length > 0) { int opcode = *ptr++; /* 选项kind */ int opsize; /* 选项length */ switch(opcode) { case TCPOPT_EOL: /* End of options */ return; case TCPOPT_NOP: /* Padding,填充选项 */ length--; /* 此选项只占一个字节 */ continue; default: opsize = *ptr++; /* 选项长度 */ if (opsize < 2) /* silly options */ return; /* 选项长度过小 */ if (opsize > length) return; /* don't parse partial options */ switch(opcode) { case TCPOPT_MSS: /* MSS选项 */ if (opsize == TCPOLEN_MSS && th->syn && ! estab) { u16 in_mss = get_unaligned_be16(ptr); if (in_mss) { /* 如果用户指定了MSS,且比对端通告的小 */ if (opt_rx->user_mss && opt_rx->user_mss < in_mss) in_mss = opt_rx->user_mss; opt_rx->mss_clamp = in_mss; /* Maximal mss */ } } break; case TCPOPT_WINDOW: /* Window scaling */ if (opsize == TCPOLEN_WINDOW && th->syn && ! estab && sysctl_tcp_window_scaling) { __u8 snd_wscale = *(__u8 *)ptr; /* 对端的接收窗口扩大因子 */ opt_rx->wscale_ok = 1; /* 连接使用窗口扩大选项 */ if (snd_wscale > 14) { net_info_ratelimited("%s: Illegal window scaling value %d >14 received\n", __func__, snd_wscale); snd_wscale = 14; } opt_rx->snd_wscale = snd_wscale; /* 保存对端的接收窗口扩大因子 */ } break; case TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP: /* Better RTT estimations/PAWS */ if ((opsize == TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP) && ((estab && opt_rx->tstamp_ok) || (!estab && sysctl_tcp_timestamps))) { opt_rx->saw_tstamp = 1; /* 连接支持TIMESTAMP选项 */ opt_rx->rcv_tsval = get_unaligned_be32(ptr); /* Time stamp value */ opt_rx->rcv_tsecr = get_unaligned_be32(ptr + 4); /* Time stamp echo reply */ } break; case TCPOPT_SACK_PERM: /* SACK Permitted */ if (opsize == TCPOLEN_SACK_PERM && th->syn && !estab && sysctl_tcp_sack) { opt_rx->sack_ok = TCP_SACK_SEEN; /* 连接支持SACK选项 */ tcp_sack_reset(opt_rx); /* 清空dsack和num_sacks变量 */ } break; case TCPOPT_SACK: /* SACK Block */ if ((opsize >= (TCPOLEN_SACK_BASE + TCPOLEN_SACK_PERBLOCK)) && !((opsize - TCPOLEN_SACK_BASE) % TCPOLEN_SACK_PERBLOCK) && opt_rx->sack_ok) { /* 保存SACK选项的起始偏移地址 */ TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked = (ptr - 2) - (unsigned char *) th; } break; #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG case TCPOPT_MD5SIG: /* The MD5 Hash has already been checked * (see tcp_v{4, 6}_do_rcv()). */ break; #endif /* 注意,在新版内核中此选项已被删除。Cookie extension (experimental) */ case TCPOPT_COOKIE: /* This option is variable length. */ switch(opsize) { case TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE: /* not yet implemented */ break; case TCPOLEN_COOKIE_PAIR: /* not yet implemented */ break; case TCPOLEN_COOKIE_MIN + 0: case TCPOLEN_COOKIE_MIN + 2: case TCPOLEN_COOKIE_MIN + 4: case TCPOLEN_COOKIE_MIN + 6: case TCPOLEN_COOKIE_MAX: /* 16-bit multple */ opt_rx->cookie_plus = opsize; *hvpp = ptr; break; default: /* ignore option */ break; } break; case TCPOPT_EXP: /* Experimental */ /* Fast Open option shares code 254 using a 16 bits magic number. * It's valid only in SYN or SYN-ACK with an even size. */ if (opsize < TCPOLEN_EXP_FASTOPEN_BASE || get_unaligned_be16(ptr) != TCPOPT_FASTOPEN_MAGIC || foc == NULL || ! th->syn || (opsize & 1)) break; foc->len = opsize - TCPOLEN_EXP_FASTOPEN_BASE; if (foc->len >= TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_MIN && foc->len <= TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_MAX) memcpy(foc->val, ptr + 2, foc->len); else if (foc->len != 0) foc->len = -1; break; } ptr += opsize - 2; length -= opsize; } } }
/* TCP options */ #define TCPOPT_NOP 1 /* Padding */ #define TCPOPT_EOL 0 /* End of options */ #define TCPOPT_MSS 2 /* Segment size negotiating */ #define TCPOPT_WINDOW 3 /* Window scaling */ #define TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP 8 /* Better RTT estimations/PAWS */ #define TCPOPT_SACK_PERM 4 /* SACK Permitted */ #define TCPOPT_SACK 5 /* SACK Block */ #define TCPOPT_MD5SIG 19 /* MD5 Signature (RFC2385) */ #define TCPOPT_COOKIE 253 /* Cookie extension (experimental) */ #define TCPOPT_EXP 254 /* Experimental */ /* Magic number to be after the option value for sharing TCP experimental options. * See draft-ietf-tcpm-experimental-options-00.txt */ #define TCPOPT_FASTOPEN_MAGIC 0xF989 /* TCP option lengths */ #define TCPOLEN_MSS 4 #define TCPOLEN_WINDOW 3 #define TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP 10 #define TCPOLEN_SACK_PERM 2 #define TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE 2 /* Cookie-less header extension */ #define TCPOLEN_COOKIE_PAIR 3 /* Cookie pair header extension */ #define TCPOLEN_COOKIE_MIN (TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE + TCP_COOKIE_MIN) #define TCPOLEN_COOKIE_MAX (TCPOLEN_COOKIE_BASE + TCP_COOKIE_MAX) #define TCPOLEN_EXP_FASTOPEN_BASE 4 /* These are used to set the sack_ok field in struct tcp_options_received */ #define TCP_SACK_SEEN (1 << 0) /* peer is SACK capable */ #define TCP_FACK_ENABLED (1 << 1) /* FACK is enabled locally */ #define TCP_DSACK_SEEN (1 << 2) /* DSACK was received from peer */ /* for TCP_COOKIE_TRANSACTIONS (TCPCT) socket option */ #define TCP_COOKIE_MIN 8 /* 64-bits */ #define TCP_COOKIE_MAX 16 /* 128-bits */ /* TCP Fast Open */ #define TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_MIN 4 /* Min Fast Open Cookie size in bytes */ #define TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_MAX 16 /* Max Fast Open Cookie size in bytes */ /* TCP Fast Open Cookie as stored in memory */ struct tcp_fastopen_cookie { s8 len; u8 val[TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_MAX]; }; static inline void tcp_sack_reset(struct tcp_options_received *rx_opt) { rx_opt->dsack = 0; rx_opt->num_sacks = 0; }
用于判断连接是否使用ECN。要注意的是在建立连接时,要求IP报的ECN域不能被设置,否则就禁用ECN。
/* RFC3168: 6.1.1 SYN packets must not have ECT/ECN bits set. * * If we receive a SYN packet with these bits set, it means a network is playing bad games * with TOS bits. In order to avoid possible false congestion notifications, we disable * TCP ECN negociation. */ static inline void TCP_ECN_create_request(struct request_sock *req, const struct sk_buff *skb) { const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb); if (sysctl_tcp_ecn && th->ece && th->cwr && INET_ECN_is_not_ect(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ip_dsfield)) inet_rsk(req)->ecn_ok = 1; /* 连接支持ECN */ }
清零TCP选项。
static inline void tcp_clear_options(struct tcp_options_received *rx_opt) { rx_opt->tstamp_ok = rx_opt->sack_ok = 0; rx_opt->wscale_ok = rx_opt->snd_wscale = 0; rx_opt->cookie_plus = 0; }