Java学习笔记(一)网格袋布局
网格袋布局类似于Win8的Metro布局,用于将组件按大小比例放在不同位置的网格内,各组件的实际大小会随着窗口的改变而改变,但相对位置不变,能够很好的适应屏幕。
通过阅读《21天学通Java》这本书,发现了一个布局组件的很好的例子,遂摘录下来,供分享和复习。
在这本书中,举了一个邮件窗口的例子,需要的布局规划如下:
其中,二维坐标表示网格相对位置,以(0,0)为网格的起点,横x竖y,后面的width指的是横向跨越的单元格数。注意,网格是由一个或多个单元格组成的整体。
常用属性有;
gridx gridy: 单元格位置,如果跨越多个格则为左上角位置
gridwidth gridheight: 组件水平、垂直方向跨越的格数
weightx weighty: 组件相对于同一行、列内其他组件的大小(相对权重)
fill: 水平或者垂直方向拉伸,可选属性如下(实质int)
GridBagConstraints内的常成员:NONE HORIZONTAL VERITAL BOTH
anchor: 对齐方式,可选属性如下(实质int)
GridBagConstraints内的常成员:WEST EAST 分别为向左、右单元格对齐
为了能够简化代码,可以制作一个布局方法,每次只需要调用方法遍完成一个组件的布局。示例代码如下:
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class learn3 extends JFrame{ GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout(); public learn3(){ super("Message"); setSize(380,120); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setLookAndFeel(); setLayout(gridbag); JLabel toLabel = new JLabel("To:"); JTextField to = new JTextField(); JLabel subjectLabel = new JLabel("subject:"); JTextField subject = new JTextField(); JLabel ccLabel = new JLabel("CC:"); JTextField cc = new JTextField(); JLabel bccLabel = new JLabel("Bcc"); JTextField bcc = new JTextField(); addComponent(toLabel,0,0,1,1,10,100,GridBagConstraints.NONE, GridBagConstraints.EAST); addComponent(to,1,0,9,1,90,100,GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL, GridBagConstraints.WEST); addComponent(subjectLabel,0,1,1,1,10,100,GridBagConstraints.NONE, GridBagConstraints.EAST); addComponent(subject,1,1,9,1,90,100,GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL, GridBagConstraints.WEST); addComponent(ccLabel,0,2,1,1,10,100,GridBagConstraints.NONE, GridBagConstraints.EAST); addComponent(cc,1,2,4,1,40,100,GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL, GridBagConstraints.WEST); addComponent(bccLabel,5,2,1,1,10,100,GridBagConstraints.NONE, GridBagConstraints.EAST); addComponent(bcc,6,2,4,1,40,100,GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL, GridBagConstraints.WEST); setVisible(true); } private void addComponent(Component comp,int gridx,int gridy ,int gridwidth, int gridheight, int weightx, int weighty, int fill, int anchor) { GridBagConstraints constraint = new GridBagConstraints(); constraint.gridx = gridx; constraint.gridy = gridy; constraint.gridwidth = gridwidth; constraint.gridheight = gridheight; constraint.weightx = weightx; constraint.weighty = weighty; constraint.fill = fill; constraint.anchor = anchor; gridbag.setConstraints(comp, constraint); add(comp); } private void setLookAndFeel(){ try{ UIManager.setLookAndFeel( "com.sun.java.swing.plaf.nimbus.NimbusLookAndFeel" ); SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this); } catch(Exception exc){ //ignore error } } public static void main(String[] args) { learn3 learn = new learn3(); } }