微服务应用日志处理与组件封装
微服务应用日志组件定制
随着微服务等设计理念在系统中的应用，业务的调用链越来越复杂，日志信息越来越大，从快速增长的日志数据流中提取出所需的信息，并将其与其他相关联的事件进行关联，将变得越加困难.ELK + KAFKA作为微服务应用日志中心解决方案是业界常规办法，前提是应用日志输出的规范化，日志组件就是为了完成这一目标。
微服务应用日志格式规划
经过公司技术人员充分讨论和分析，确认了应用日志输出格式如下：
|时间|日志级别|线程名|代码发生行|同步调用ID|客户系统节点|服务系统节点|客户系统名称|服务系统名称|日志类型|全局流水号|定制化字段^日志信息|
- 时间：记录日志产生时间;
- 日志级别：致命，ERROR，WARN，INFO，DEBUG;
- 线程名：执行操作线程名称;
- 代码发生行：日志事件发生在代码中位置;
- 同步调用ID：用于同步调用链分析，可以关联基普金，精确定位等工具关联排查问题;
- 客户系统节点：表示服务 - 客户端系统节点的标识，可以为IP或者DockerID;
- 服务系统节点：表示服务 - 服务端系统节点的标识，可以为IP或者DockerID;
- 客户系统名称：表示服务 - 客户端系统的标识，可以为系统简称和全称;
- 服务系统名称：表示服务 - 服务端系统的标识，可以为系统简称和全称;
- 全局流水号：贯穿一次业务流程的全局流水号;
- 日志类型：枚举，REQ-接口请求报文，RESP-接口响应报文，BIZ-通用日志;
- INFO：定制化字段（格式采用关键字段=值，关键字段2 =值）^业务信息（记录详细日志信息）。
举个栗子：
|2018-03-28 14:26:21.001|INFO|demo-service-woker:share-d-3[share]-thread-1|com.xxxx.xxx.service.interceptor.ParamCheckInterceptor:59:doInvoke|4507080825331412517041832|127.0.0.1:50344|127.0.0.1:20015|demo-a|demo-b|20170428142618325183APP|BIZ|phoneNumber=185****1234, woAccountId=110000008592138^参数及权限校验拦截，验证通过.|
日志组件实现方案
Java的技术平台日志输出组件主要有java.util.logging中，log4j的，log4j2，的logback，SLF4J。我司目前使用的log4j2 + SLF4J组合作为应用日志输出组件，为了实现上述日志格式输出，主要有两种方式在组件上实现封装，应用采用SpringBoot +宁静作为主框架
Log4J的的MDC方案
MDC [ http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/apidocs/org/apache/log4j/MDC.html]是为每个线程建立一个独立的存储空间，开发人员可以根据需要把信息存入其中.MDC使用Map机制来存储信息，信息以键/值对的形式存储在Map中。
使用Servlet过滤器或者AOP在服务接收到请求时，获取需要的值填充MDC。在log4j2的配置中就可以使用％ X {}键MDC打印中的内容，从而识别出同一次请求中的日志。
Log4j2.X版本
MdcLogfilter类
public class MdcLogfilter implements Filter {
public static final String TRACE_ID = "traceId";
public static final String CLIENT_ADDR = "clientAddr";
public static final String SERVER_ADDR = "serverAddr";
public static final String CLIENT_SYS_NAME = "clientSysName";
public static final String SERVER_SYS_NAME = "serverSysName";
public static final String TRANS_ID = "transId";
public static final String LOG_TYPE = LogTypeEnum.BIZ.getKey();
private String systemName;
public MdcLogfilter( String systemName ) {
this.systemName = systemName;
}
@Override
public void init( FilterConfig filterConfig ) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter( ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain ) throws IOException, ServletException {
try {
insertIntoMDC(request);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} finally {
ThreadContext.clearAll();
}
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
protected void insertIntoMDC( ServletRequest request ) {
HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
String traceId = httpRequest.getHeader(TRACE_ID);
String clientAddr = httpRequest.getRemoteAddr();
String serverAddr = getSreverAddr();
String clientSysName = httpRequest.getHeader(CLIENT_SYS_NAME);
String serverSysName = systemName;
String transId = (String) httpRequest.getAttribute(TRANS_ID);
ThreadContext.put(TRACE_ID, traceId);
ThreadContext.put(CLIENT_ADDR, clientAddr);
ThreadContext.put(SERVER_ADDR, serverAddr);
ThreadContext.put(CLIENT_SYS_NAME, clientSysName);
ThreadContext.put(SERVER_SYS_NAME, serverSysName);
ThreadContext.put(TRANS_ID, transId);
ThreadContext.put(LOG_TYPE, LogTypeEnum.REQ.getKey());
}
private String getServerAddr() {
return null;
}
}
MDCLogAspect类
@Aspect
public class MDCLogAspect {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EpayLogAspect.class);
private static long STIME = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis();
private static String REQUESTURL = "url";
@Pointcut("execution(public * com.demo..*.*.controller.*.*(..))")
public void log() {
}
@Before("log()")
public void deBefore( JoinPoint joinPoint ) throws Throwable {
STIME = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis();
ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
Map<String, String[]> params = request.getParameterMap();
String queryString = "";
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
String[] values = params.get(key);
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
String value = values[i];
queryString += key + "=" + value + "&";
}
}
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(queryString)){
queryString = queryString.substring(0, queryString.length() - 1);
}
REQUESTURL = request.getRequestURL().toString();
LOGGER.info("url：{}，req：{}", REQUESTURL, queryString);
MDC.put(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE, LogTypeEnum.BIZ.getKey());
}
@AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "log()")
public void doAfterReturning( Object ret ) throws Throwable {
MDC.put(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE, LogTypeEnum.RESP.getKey());
LOGGER.info("url：{}，resp：{}", REQUESTURL, ret);
MDC.remove(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE);
MDC.put(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE, LogTypeEnum.BIZ.getKey());
}
//后置异常通知
@AfterThrowing("log()")
public void throwss( JoinPoint jp ) {
String costtime = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis() - STIME + "ms";
LOGGER.info("url：{}，executetime：{}", REQUESTURL, costtime);
}
//后置最终通知,final增强，不管是抛出异常或者正常退出都会执行
@After("log()")
public void after( JoinPoint jp ) {
String costtime = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis() - STIME + "ms";
LOGGER.info("url：{}，executetime：{}", REQUESTURL, costtime);
}
}
Log4j1.X版本
log4j1.x版本，ThreadContext类换成MDC即可
log4j的配置使用MDC
在log4j配置中，使用mdc：（log4j 1.x与2.x中都可以使用此配置）
<PatternLayout pattern="|%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}|%5p|%5t|%4c:%L|%X{traceid}|%X{clientaddr}|%X{serveraddr}|%X{cientsysname}|%X{serversysname}|%X{transid}|%X{logType}|%m|%n" />
Springboot使用
实现定制化登录开始，应用依赖即可。
Log4J的的适配器封装方案
使用适配器模式封装log4j的接口，使用AOP在服务接收到请求时，获取需要的值填充本地线程副本中，打印日志时候拼接输出到日志。
Log4j2.X / Log4j1.X版本
LogContextHolder
public class AdapterLogContextHolder {
private static final ThreadLocal<AdapterLogContext> LOG_CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<>();
private static AdapterLogContextHolder context = new AdapterLogContextHolder();
private AdapterLogContextHolder() {
}
public static AdapterLogContextHolder getInstance() {
return context;
}
public AdapterLogContext getLogContext() {
AdapterLogContext context = LOG_CONTEXT.get();
if (context == null) {
context = new AdapterLogContext();
LOG_CONTEXT.set(context);
}
return context;
}
public void setLogContext( AdapterLogContext context ) {
LOG_CONTEXT.set(context);
}
public void removeLogContext() {
LOG_CONTEXT.remove();
}
public String getTraceID() {
return getLogContext().getTraceID();
}
public void setTraceID( String id ) {
getLogContext().setTraceID(id);
}
}
AdapterLogContext
public class AdapterLogContext implements Serializable, Cloneable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6126191683350551062L;
private String traceID = "traceID";
private long callStartTimes;
private String transID = "transId";
private String clientAddr = "clientAddr";
private String serverAddr = "serverAddr";
private String clientSysName = "clientSysName";
private String serverSysName = "serverSysName";
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
//get、set .....
}
LoggerAdapter
public class LoggerAdapter {
final static String FQCN = LoggerAdapter.class.getName();
private static LoggerAdapter loggerAdapter;
private static volatile HashMap<String, LoggerAdapter> loggerxMap = null;
protected Logger logger = null;
private LoggerAdapter( Logger logger ) {
this.logger = logger;
}
public static LoggerAdapter getLogger( Class<?> classObject ) {
if (null == classObject) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
if (loggerxMap == null) {
synchronized (Loggerx.class) {
if (loggerxMap == null) {
loggerxMap = new HashMap<>();
return getLoggerAdapter(classObject);
}
}
}
LoggerAdapter loggerAdapter = loggerxMap.get(classObject.getSimpleName());
if (loggerAdapter == null) {
return getLoggerAdapter(classObject);
} else {
return loggerAdapter;
}
}
private static LoggerAdapter getLoggerAdapter( Class<?> classObject ) {
Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(classObject);
if (logger == null) {
return null;
}
LoggerAdapter loggerAdapter = new LoggerAdapter(logger);
loggerxMap.put(classObject.getSimpleName(), loggerAdapter);
return loggerAdapter;
}
public void info( LogType logType, Object message ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.INFO, msgFormatted, null);
}
public void info( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.INFO, msgFormatted, null);
}
public void error( LogType logType, Object message ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, null);
}
public void error( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, null);
}
public void error( LogType logType, Object message, Throwable t ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, t);
}
public void error( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message, Throwable t ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, t);
}
public void warn( LogType logType, Object message ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.WARN, msgFormatted, null);
}
public void warn( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.WARN, msgFormatted, null);
}
public void debug( LogType logType, Object message ) {
String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.DEBUG, msgFormatted, null);
}
protected String msgFormat( LogType logType, Object message ) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
AdapterLogContext logContext = AdapterLogContextHolder.getInstance().getLogContext();
sb.append(logContext.getTraceID());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientAddr());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientSysName());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getTransID());
sb.append("|").append(logType);
sb.append("|").append("custmsg=null");
sb.append(message != null ? "^" + message.toString().replaceAll("\r|\n", "").replaceAll("\\|", "#") + "|" : "");
return sb.toString();
}
protected String msgFormat( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsgMap, Object message ) {
if (custMsgMap == null || custMsgMap.isEmpty()) {
return msgFormat(logType, message);
} else {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
AdapterLogContext logContext = AdapterLogContextHolder.getInstance().getLogContext();
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientAddr());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientSysName());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
sb.append("|").append(logContext.getTransID());
sb.append("|").append(logType);
sb.append("|");
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : custMsgMap.entrySet()) {
sb.append(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue() + ",");
}
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
sb.append(message != null ? "^" + message.toString().replaceAll("\r|\n", "") + "|" : "");
return sb.toString();
}
}
}
AOP切片类LoggerAdapter
public class ClientContextBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
@Override
public void before(Method arg0, Object[] arg1, Object arg2) throws Throwable {
try {
if (arg1.length == 0 || !(arg1[0] instanceof BaseRequest)) {
return;
}
AdapterLogContext logContext = AdapterLogContextHolder.getInstance().getLogContext()
//获取logContext各个属性值
BaseRequest request = (BaseRequest) arg1[0];
request.setLogContext(logContext);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error(LogType.EX, "", e);
throw e;
}
}
}
//其他AOP切片
log4j的配置使用适配器模式
在log4j配置中，log4j 1.x与2.x中都可以使用正常配置
Springboot使用
实现定制化登录开始，应用依赖即可。
MDC方式与适配器方式对比
两种对比，MDC优点在于不改变开发人员使用的log4j方法，引入不需要更改业务代码，适配器优势在于使用AOP和ThreadLocal的方式更方便定制化。我司目前使用MDC方案。
