Python接口请求及封装
基于http协议,最常用的是GET和POST两种方法。
接口文档需要包含哪些信息:
接口名称
接口功能
接口地址
支持格式 json/xml
请求方式
请求示例
请求参数(是否必填、数据类型、传递参数格式)
返回参数说明
以典型的(一两个)参数做为判断是否请求通过(重点是看响应的信息判断)
一、GET
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d" 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"} 6 header ={} 7 8 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers= header) 9 10 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text) 11 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code) 12 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type']) 13 14 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型 15 json_r = r.json() 16 print(json_r)
二、POST
post请求有两种请求格式:
1、key-value的格式'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
2、标准json的格式:'Content-Type':'application/json'
#key-value
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d" 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"} 6 header ={} 7 8 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header) 9 10 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text) 11 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code) 12 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type']) 13 14 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型 15 json_r = r.json() 16 print(json_r)
#json
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d" 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"} 6 header ={} 7 #python数据类型转换为json类型(json.dumps()) 8 para = json.dumps(para) 9 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header) 10 11 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text) 12 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code) 13 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type']) 14 15 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型 16 json_r = r.json() 17 print(json_r)
三、把所有的请求封装在函数中
1 def get(url,para,headers): 2 try: 3 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers) 4 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 5 json_r = r.json() 6 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r) 7 except BaseException as e: 8 print("请求失败!",str(e)) 9 def post(url,para,headers): 10 try: 11 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers) 12 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 13 json_r = r.json() 14 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r) 15 except BaseException as e: 16 print("请求失败!",str(e)) 17 def post_json(url,para,headers): 18 try: 19 data = para 20 data = json.dumps(data) #python数据类型转化为json数据类型 21 r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers) 22 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 23 json_r = r.json() 24 print("json转换为python数据类型:",json_r) 25 except BaseException as e: 26 print("请求失败!",str(e)) 27 28 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d" 29 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"} 30 headers ={} 31 32 get(url,para,headers) 33 post(url,para,headers) 34 post_json(url,para,headers)
四、把所有请求封装在一个对象里
1 class Webrequests: 2 def get(self,url,para,headers): 3 try: 4 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers) 5 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 6 json_r = r.json() 7 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r) 8 except BaseException as e: 9 print("请求失败!",str(e)) 10 def post(self,url,para,headers): 11 try: 12 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers) 13 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 14 json_r = r.json() 15 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r) 16 except BaseException as e: 17 print("请求失败!",str(e)) 18 def post_json(self,url,para,headers): 19 try: 20 data = para 21 data = json.dumps(data) #python数据类型转化为json数据类型 22 r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers) 23 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 24 json_r = r.json() 25 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r) 26 except BaseException as e: 27 print("请求失败!",str(e)) 28 29 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d" 30 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"} 31 headers ={} 32 33 q = Webrequests() 34 35 q.get(url,para,headers) 36 q.post(url,para,headers) 37 q.post_json(url,para,headers)