Bootstrap讲解
Bootstrap：
-
概念：一个前端开发框架，Bootstrap，来自Twitter，是目前很受欢迎的前端框架。Bootstrap是基于HTML、CSS、JavaScript的，它简介灵活，是的Web开发更加快捷。
- 框架：一个半成品软件，开发人员可以在框架基础上，在进行开发，简化编码
- 好处：
- 定义了很多的css样式和js插件，我们开发人员直接可以使用这些样式和插件得到丰富的页面效果。
- 响应式布局。
- 同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
-
快速入门
- 下载Bootstrap
- 在项目中将这三个文件夹赋值
- 创建html页面，引入必要的资源文件
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- HTML5 shim 和 Respond.js 是为了让 IE8 支持 HTML5 元素和媒体查询（media queries）功能 -->
<!-- 警告：通过 file:// 协议（就是直接将 html 页面拖拽到浏览器中）访问页面时 Respond.js 不起作用 -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/html5shiv@3.7.3/dist/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/respond.js@1.4.2/dest/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好，世界！</h1>
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery，所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/jquery@1.12.4/dist/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha384-nvAa0+6Qg9clwYCGGPpDQLVpLNn0fRaROjHqs13t4Ggj3Ez50XnGQqc/r8MhnRDZ" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
响应式布局
- 同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
- 实现：依赖于栅格系统：将一行平均分成12个格子，可以指定元素占几个格子
- 步骤：
- 1.定义容器，相当于之前的table
- 容器分类：
- container：
- container-fluid：
- 容器分类：
- 2.定义行。相当于之前的tr 样式：row
- 3.定义元素。指定该元素在不同的设备上，所占的格子数目。样式：col-设备代号-格子数目
- 设备代号：
- xs：超小屏幕 手机(<768px)：col-xs-12
- sm：小屏幕 平板(>=768px)
- md：中等屏幕 桌面显示器(>=992px)
- lg：大屏幕 大桌面显示器(>=1200px)
- 设备代号：
- 1.定义容器，相当于之前的table
- 注意：
- 一行中如果格子数目超过12，则超出部分自动换行
- 栅格类属性可以向上兼容。栅格类适用于与屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备
- 如果真实设备宽度小于了设置栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值，会一个元素沾满一整行
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/html5shiv@3.7.3/dist/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/respond.js@1.4.2/dest/respond.min.js"></script>
<style>
.inner{
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/jquery@1.12.4/dist/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha384-nvAa0+6Qg9clwYCGGPpDQLVpLNn0fRaROjHqs13t4Ggj3Ez50XnGQqc/r8MhnRDZ" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!--1.定义容器-->
<div class="container-fluid">
<!--2.定义行-->
<div class="row">
<!--3.定义元素
在大显示器一行12个格子
在pad上一行6个格子
-->
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS样式和JS插件
- 按钮：class="btn btn-default"
- 图片
- class = "img-responsive":图片在任意尺寸都占100
- 图片形状
- class="img-responsive img-rounded"：方形
- class="img-responsive img-circle"：圆形
- class="img-responsive img-thumbnail"：相框
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/html5shiv@3.7.3/dist/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/respond.js@1.4.2/dest/respond.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/jquery@1.12.4/dist/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha384-nvAa0+6Qg9clwYCGGPpDQLVpLNn0fRaROjHqs13t4Ggj3Ez50XnGQqc/r8MhnRDZ" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
<br>
<br>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">(首选项) Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">(成功) Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">(一般信息) Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">(警告) Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">(危险) Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">(链接) Link</button>
<hr width="100%" size="5px" color="red"/>
<img src="2.png" class="img-responsive img-rounded"/>
<img src="2.png" class="img-responsive img-circle"/>
<img src="2.png" class="img-responsive img-thuumbnail"/>
</body>
</html>
- 表格
- 表单
- 给表单项添加：class="form-control"；
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/html5shiv@3.7.3/dist/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/respond.js@1.4.2/dest/respond.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/jquery@1.12.4/dist/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha384-nvAa0+6Qg9clwYCGGPpDQLVpLNn0fRaROjHqs13t4Ggj3Ez50XnGQqc/r8MhnRDZ" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>001</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>002</td>
<td>李四</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>003</td>
<td>王五</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr><hr><hr>
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
<input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">
<p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Check me out
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
组成：
- 导航条
- 分页条
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/html5shiv@3.7.3/dist/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/respond.js@1.4.2/dest/respond.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/jquery@1.12.4/dist/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha384-nvAa0+6Qg9clwYCGGPpDQLVpLNn0fRaROjHqs13t4Ggj3Ez50XnGQqc/r8MhnRDZ" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</body>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</html>
插件：
- 轮播图
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/html5shiv@3.7.3/dist/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/respond.js@1.4.2/dest/respond.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.cn/npm/jquery@1.12.4/dist/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha384-nvAa0+6Qg9clwYCGGPpDQLVpLNn0fRaROjHqs13t4Ggj3Ez50XnGQqc/r8MhnRDZ" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="2.png" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="1.png" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
...
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
