Python之列表&元组&字典
今天学习了Python的基本数据类型,做以下笔记,以备查用。
一、列表
列表的常用方法:
1、append()方法
def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.append(object) -- append object to end """ pass
append()方法可以在列表尾部追加一个元素,该方法每次只能接受一个参数,并且该参数可以是任何数据类型。
e:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5,6] >>> a.append(7) >>> a [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
2、extend()方法
def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """ pass
extend()方法的参数是一个列表,并将该列表中的每个元素追加到列表中。
e:
>>> b = [1,2,3,4] >>> b.extend([5,6,7]) >>> b [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
3、index()方法
def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0
index()方法返回其参数在列表中的位置,(元素索引从0开始)
e:
>>> a = [1,4,7,9,3,6] >>> a.index(3) 4
4、insert()方法
def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """ pass
insert()方法向列表中插入一个值,接受两个参数,第一个参数指定新插入值的位置,第二个参数为插入的值。
e:
>>> a = [1,3,5,8,0] >>> a.insert(2,22) >>> a [1, 3, 22, 5, 8, 0]
5、pop()方法
def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. """ pass
pop()方法接受一个参数,删除列表中以该参数为索引的值,然后返回被删除的值。若不带参数,默认删除列表中最后一个元素。
e:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5] >>> a.pop(3) 4 >>> a [1, 2, 3, 5]
6、remove()方法
def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ pass
remove()方法接受一个参数,删除列表中对应的值。
e:
>>> a [1, 2, 3, 5] >>> a.remove(5) >>> a [1, 2, 3]
7、count()方法
def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0
count()方法接受一个参数,返回该参数在列表中的个数。
e:
>>> a = [1,3,5,7,3,2,4,5] >>> a.count(3) 2 >>> a.count(5) 2
8、reverse()方法
def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """ pass
reverse()方法没有参数,对列表中的元素方向排序
e:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5] >>> a.reverse() >>> a [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
9、sort()方法
def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*; cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1 """ pass
sort()方法对列表中的元素进行排序
e:
>>> a = [2,5,8,3,4,9,1] >>> a.sort() >>> a [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9]
二、元组
元组里的元素不可修改,元素的元组可以修改。
e:
元素不可修改:
>>> a = (1,2,3,[1,2,3]) >>> a[0]=4 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
元素包含的元组可以修改:
>>> a = (1,2,3,[1,2,3]) >>> a[3] [1, 2, 3] >>> a[3][0]=4 >>> a (1, 2, 3, [4, 2, 3])
元组的常用方法:
1、count()方法
def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0
count()方法接受一个参数,返回该参数在元组里的个数
e:
>>> a = (1,2,3,4,5,2,5,3,4,2,6,) >>> a.count(2) 3 >>> a.count(5) 2
2、index()方法
def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0
index()方法接受一个参数,返回该参数在元组第一次出现时的位置(索引)
e:
>>> a = (1,2,3,4,5,2,5,3,4,2,6,) >>> a.index(4) 3
三、字典
字典的常用方法:
1、clear()方法
def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """ pass
clear()方法清空字典里的所有元素。
e:
>>> d = {1:'ahaii',2:'nancy',3:'tom'} >>> d.clear() >>> d {}
2、copy()方法
def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """ pass
copy()方法对字典进行浅复制。
e:
>>> d = {1:'ahaii',2:'nancy',3:'tom'}>>> a = d.copy() >>> a {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}
3、get()方法
def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """ pass
get()方法返回指定键的值,若改键不存在,则返回默认值或空。
e:
>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'} >>> a.get(2) 'nancy' >>> a.get(4) >>>
4、has_key()方法
def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """ return False
has_key()方法判断参数是否包含在字典的key中,若存在,返回True,若不存在,返回False。
e:
>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}>>> a.has_key(1) True >>> a.has_key(4) False
5、items()方法
def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """ return []
items()方法返回一个列表,列表中的每个元素是字典的一个键值对组成的元组。
e:
>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'} >>> a.items() [(1, 'ahaii'), (2, 'nancy'), (3, 'tom')]
6、keys()方法
def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.keys() -> list of D's keys """ return []
keys()方法返回一个列表,该列表包含字典所有的key。
e:
>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'} >>> a.keys() [1, 2, 3]
7、pop()方法
def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised """ pass
pop()方法必须有一个参数(注意与列表中pop()方法的区别),并删除该参数在字典中对应的值。
e:
>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'} >>> a.pop(1) 'ahaii' >>> a {2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'}
8、values()方法
def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.values() -> list of D's values """ return []
values()方法返回包含字典所有值的列表。
e:
>>> a = {1: 'ahaii', 2: 'nancy', 3: 'tom'} >>> a.values() ['ahaii', 'nancy', 'tom']
9、itmes()方法
使用items()方法可以取字典中的键值对。
e:
dic = {'1':'qwe','2':'uyd','3':'uhd'} for k,v in dic.items(): print k,v