2006 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 3 解析

2006 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 3 解析

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. [1]             

翻译：当史前人类到达世界的新区域时，大型动物身上发生一些奇怪的事情：他们突然间灭绝了。

1. When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。

2. prehistoric man 史前人类。

3. arrive in 抵达，到达。

4. part of 部分的；一部分。

5. happen to sb 碰巧发生在某人身上。

6. 冒号后面内容作 something 的同位语，作补充说明。

7. become extinct 灭绝；绝种。

Smaller species survived. [2]         

翻译：小型的物种存活下来。

The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. [3]  

翻译：体型庞大、生长缓慢的动物易于捕捉，而且很快被捕杀至灭绝。

1. were 和 were...hunted 并列作谓语部分。

2. slow-growing 生长缓慢的。

3. easy game 易捕获的猎物；容易受骗的人。

4. to extinction, 介词短语作结果状语。

Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. [4]   

翻译：现在，相同的事情可能正在海洋中发生。

1. in the oceans, 介词短语作地点状语。 

That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. [5]

翻译：多年来，海洋一直在被过度捕捞，这是众所周知的。

1. That the seas are being overfished, 是 that 引导的从句，作主语。

2. be known 出名；众所周知的。

3. for years, 介词短语作时间状语。

What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. [6]    

翻译：诸如 Ransom Myers 和 Boris Worm 等的专家的研究仅仅表明事情正以多快的速度发生变化。

1. What researchers...have shown, 是 what 引导的从句，作主语。

2. such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm, 介词短语作定语，修饰 researchers。

3. how fast things are changing, 是 how 引导的从句，作表语。

They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. [7]    

翻译：他们已经研究了全世界的渔场半个世纪以来的数据。

1. look at 着眼于；看；考虑。

2. half a century 半个世纪。

3. from fisheries /around the world. 介词短语作定语，修饰 data /fisheries。

Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. [8]    

翻译：他们的方法不是去尝试评估海洋特定区域内鱼类的实际生物量（活体生物的数量），而是评估生物量随着时间的变化情况。

1. attempt to do sth 尝试做某事；企图做某事。

2. the actual biomass 和 changes 并列作 estimate 的宾语。

3. actual biomass 实际生物量。

4. (the amount of living biological matter), 作 actual biomass 的同位语，对其解释说明。

5. the amount of … 的数量。

6. biological matter 生物体；生物物质。

7. of fish species /in particular parts of the ocean, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the actual biomass /fish species。

8. fish species 鱼类；鱼的种类。

9. parts of 部分的；一部分。

10. in that biomass over time. 介词短语作定语，修饰 changes。

According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. [9]

翻译：根据他们在《自然》杂志上发表的最新的论文，一个新渔场的大型捕食者（它们杀死并吃掉其它动物）的生物总量在开始开发的 15 年内平均减少了 80%。

1. According to their latest paper published in Nature, 介词短语作原因状语。

2. According to 据… 所说；根据，依照。

3. published in Nature, 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 their latest paper。

4. of large predators, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the biomass。

5. large predator 大型食肉动物；大型捕食者。

6. (animals that kill and eat other animals), 作 large predators 的同位语，对其解释说明。

7. that kill and eat other animals, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 animals。

8. in a new fishery, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the biomass of large predators。

9. on average by 80%, 介词短语作程度状语。

10. on average 平均；普通，通常。

11. within 15 years of the start of exploitation, 介词短语作时间状语。

12. the start of … 的开始。

In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. [10]      

翻译：从那时以来，在一些长期捕捞的区域内，这个数字又减了一半。

1. In some long-fished areas, 介词短语作地点状语。

2. long-fished 长期捕鱼的；长期捕捞的。

3. since then. 介词短语作时间状语。

Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. [11]    

翻译：Dr. Worm 承认这些都还只是保守数字。

1. that these figures are conservative. 是 that 引导的从句，作 acknowledges 的宾语。

One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. [12]  

翻译：这个原因之一是捕鱼技术已经得到了改进。

1. for this, 介词短语作定语，修饰 One reason。

2. that fishing technology has improved. 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。

3. fishing technology 捕鱼技术。

Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. [13]  

翻译：今天的渔船可以利用卫星和声纳来寻找猎物，这些在 50 年前是没有的。

1. using satellites and sonar, 现在分词短语作伴随状语。

2. which were not available 50 years ago. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 satellites and sonar。

3. be available 有空的；可使用的。

4. 50 years ago. 作时间状语。

That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. [14]   

翻译：这意味着海洋内有更高比例的生物正在被捕捞，所以现在和过去的真正差别可能要比用捕捞规模的变化所记录的要更糟。

1. so 连接两个并列句。

2. a proportion of … 的比例。

3. what is in the sea, 是 what 引导的从句，作前面 of 的宾语。

4. in the sea, 介词短语在 what 引导的从句中作表语。

5. be caught 落网；遇到；被逮到；陷入。

6. between present and past, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the real difference。

7. worse than 不如…；比… 更差。

8. recorded by changes in catch sizes. 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 the one。

9. in catch sizes, 介词短语作定语，修饰 changes。

In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. [15]   

翻译：早期，多钩长线上本可以挂满更多的鱼。

1. In the early days, 介词短语作时间状语。

2. early days 前期；尚早；过早。

3. be saturated with 被… 所饱和；充满着。

Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. [16]

翻译：因为没有可用的饵钩来钓鱼，因而一些个别的鱼没有被捕获到，这导致过去人们低估了鱼类的数量。

1. be caught 落网；遇到；被逮到；陷入。

2. since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, 是 since 引导的原因状语从句。

3. baited hook 带饵的钩；饵钩。

4. be available to 可被… 利用或得到的。

5. leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. 是现在分词短语作结果状语。

6. lead to 导致；通向。

7. of fish stocks, 介词短语作定语，修饰 an underestimate。

8. fish stock 鱼群，鱼类资源。

9. in the past. 介词短语作时间状语。

Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. [17]

翻译：而且，在早期使用多钩长线捕鱼的日子里，有许多鱼在上钩后又被鲨鱼吃掉了。

1. in the early days of longline fishing, 介词短语作时间状语。

2. of longline fishing, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the early days。

3. longline fishing 延绳钓鱼；多钩长线捕鱼。

4. a lot of 许多；大量。

5. be lost to 消失；流失；淹没在；感觉不到；不再属于…。

6. after they had been hooked. 是 after 引导的时间状语从句。

7. be hooked 被钩住；着迷。

That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. [18]

翻译：这已经再也不是个问题，因为现在附近的鲨鱼很少了。

1. no longer 不再；再也不。

2. because there are fewer sharks around now. 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。

Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. [19]

翻译：Dr. Myers 和 Dr. Worm 认为，他们的研究给出了一个正确的基准线，它是未来管理工作必须加以考虑的事情。

1. that their work gives a correct baseline, 是 that 引导的从句，作 argue 的宾语。

2. correct baseline 正确的基准。

3. which future management efforts must take into account. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 a correct baseline。

4. management effort 管理工作。

5. take into account 考虑；重视；体谅。

They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". [20]

翻译：他们认为这些数据支持了海洋生物学家中流传的 “基线移动” 的观点。

1. the date support an idea current among marine biologists, 是省略引导词的从句，作 believe 的宾语。

2. (current) among marine biologists, 介词短语作定语，修饰 an idea。

3. marine biologist 海洋生物学家。

4. that of the "shifting baseline". 作 an idea 的同位语（that 代指 an idea），对其解释说明。

5. of the "shifting baseline", 介词短语作定语，修饰 that。

6. shifting baseline 移动基准（线）。

The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. [21]  

翻译：这种观点认为，人们还没发现海洋中所发生的巨大变化，因为他们只是回顾了过去相对短暂的一段时间里所发生的情况。

1. that people have failed to detect the massive changes...(because...) 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。

2. fail to do sth. 未能做…；没能做某事。

3. massive change 巨大的变化。

4. which have happened in the ocean, 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the massive changes。

5. in the ocean, 介词短语作地点状语。

6. because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。

7. look back into the past 回顾历史；回顾过去。

8. (only) a relatively short time, 作时间状语。

That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. [22]

翻译：这一点很重要，因为理论表明当一种目标物种的生物量大约达到原来水平的 50% 时，一个渔场才可以收获最大的持续捕获量。

1. because theory suggests (that...), 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。

2. that the maximum sustainable yield (that...)comes (when...), 是 that 引导的从句，作 suggests 的宾语。

3. maximum sustainable yield 最高持续产量；最大持续产量。

4. that can be cropped from a fishery, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the maximum sustainable yield。

5. from a fishery, 介词短语作地点状语。

6. when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。

7. of a target species, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the biomass。

8. target species 目标物种；目标种类。

9. original level 原来的水平。

Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business. [23]

翻译：大多数渔场远低于那个水平，这样可不是经商之道。

1. well below 远低于…。

2. which is a bad way to do business. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的句子所述内容。

3. to do business, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 a bad way。