2006 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 1 解析

2006 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 1 解析

In spite of "endless talk of, difference", American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. [1]    

翻译：尽管人们 “无休止地谈论差异”，但是美国社会仍然是一个让人同质化的神奇机器。

1. In spite of "endless talk of, difference", 介词短语作让步状语。

2. In spite of 尽管；不管，不顾。

3. endless talk of difference 无休止地谈论差异。

4. American society 美国社会。

5. for homogenizing people. 介词短语作定语，修饰 an amazing machine。

There is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference" characteristic of popular culture. [2]    

翻译：在美国，大众文化的特点就是 “在服饰和谈吐方面具有大众化的一致性，而且随意且不顺从”。

1. 该句子的是 there be 句型；主干为：There is characteristic；其余部分作 characteristic 的定语。

2. democratizing uniformity 民主化一致。

3. of dress and discourse, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the democratizing uniformity。

4. of popular culture, 介词短语作定语，修饰 characteristic。

People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere". [3]

翻译：始于 19 世纪的百货商店在 “优雅的环境中提供了各式各样的商品”，把人们吸引到一种 “消费文化” 中。

1. be absorbed into 被吸收进去；吞并。

2. a culture of consumption 消费文化。

3. launched by the 19th-century department stores, 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 "a culture of consumption"。

4. department store 百货公司；百货商店。

5. that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere". 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 department stores。

6. vast arrays of 大量的。

7. in an elegant atmosphere, 介词短语作方式状语。

Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. [4]  

翻译：与那些迎合知识精英的专卖店，无论阶级或者背景，任何人都可以进入这些商店。

1. Instead of intimate shops, 是 instead of 引导的对比状语。

2. instead of 代替；而不是…。

3. intimate shop 专卖店；专卖奢侈品的商场。

4. catering to a knowledgeable elite, 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 intimate shops。

5. knowledgeable elite 知识精英。

6. anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. 是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰前面的 stores。

7. regardless of class or background. 作伴随状语。

8. regardless of 不顾，不管。 

This turned shopping into a public and democratic act." [5]    

翻译：这样使得购物转变成一种大众化和民主化的行为。

1. turn into 变成；进入。

The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. [6]  

翻译：其它的同化推动力量还包括大众传媒、广告和体育行业。

1. mass media, advertising and sports 并列作主语。

2. mass media 大众媒体；大众传媒。

3. for homogenization. 介词短语作定语，修饰 other forces。

Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. [7]    

翻译：移民很快地适应了这种大众文化，这可能不是完全的发人深省，但也几乎没有任何害处。

1. fit into 适应；符合；与… 融为一体；纳入。

2. common culture 共同文化；大众文化。

3. which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰前面句子的内容。

Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. [8]  

翻译：为《国家移民论坛》撰稿的 Gregory Rodriguez 在报告中说道，如今的外来移民既没有达到前所未有的水平，也不抵制同化。

1. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, 现在分词短语作伴随状语（也有认为是主语补语）。

2. National Immigration Forum 国家移民论坛。

3. that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. 是 that 引导的从句，作 reports 的宾语。

4. neither nor 既不是… 也不是…。

5. unprecedented level 前所未有的水平。

6. be resistant to 抵抗… 的；对… 有反抗作用的。

In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. [9]

翻译：在 1998 年，移民人口占人口总量的 9.8%；而在 1900 年为 13.6%。

1. 分号后面的部分有省略：in 1900, immigrants were 13.6 percent of population。

2. In 1998/in 1900, 介词短语作时间状语。

2. percent of 百分比；百分率。

In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. [10]   

翻译：在 1990 年之前的十年里，每 1,000 个居民中就有 3.1 个外来移民；而在 1890 年之前的十年里，每 1,000 个居民中则有 9.2 个外来移民。

1. 分号后面部分有省略：in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents。

2. In the 10 years prior to 1990/in the 10 years prior to 1890, 介词短语作时间状语。

3. prior to 在… 之前；居先。

4. for every 1,000 residents, 介词短语作程度状语。

Now, consider three indices of assimilation--language, home ownership and intermarriage. [11]  

翻译：现在，考虑这三个同化指标——语言、自有住房和异族通婚。

1. 该句子是 do 型祈使句。

2. index of … 的指数 / 指标。

3. --language, home ownership and intermarriage. 破折号内容作 three indices of assimilation 的同位语，对其举例说明。

4. home ownership 自有住房；自置居所。

The 1990 Census revealed that "a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English'well'or'very well'after ten years of residence." [12]    

翻译：1990 年的人口普查显示，“来自十五个最主要的移民国的移民大多数在居住十年后说英语‘不错’或者‘非常好’”。

1. that "a majority of immigrants...spoke English'well'or'very well'..., 是 that 引导的从句，作 revealed 的宾语。

2. a majority of 大多数的；大部分的。

3. from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin, 介词短语作定语，修饰 immigrants。

4. country of origin 原产地；原产国；移民国。

5. after ten years of residence. 介词短语作时间状语。

The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. [13]  

翻译：移民者的孩子通常都能够说两种语言并且精通英语。

1. of immigrants, 介词短语作定语，修饰 The children。

2. tend to be 倾向于；趋向于。

3. be proficient in 精通；了解；熟练。

"By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families." [14]   

翻译：到了第三代，原来的语言在大部分的移民家庭中都消失了。

1. By the third generation, 介词短语作时间状语。

2. the third generation 第三代。

3. original language 初始语言；源语言；原始语言。

4. be lost in 埋头于，迷失在… 中。

5. in the majority of 在大多数；绝大多数；大部分。

6. immigrant family 移民家庭。

Hence the description of America as a "graveyard" for languages. [15]  

翻译：因此，美国被描述为语言的 “坟墓”。

1. 该句子是个名词短语 Hence the description of America (as...)，省略了 there is：Hence there is the description of America (as...)。

2. of America, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the description。

3. as a "graveyard" for languages. 作 the description 的补语。

4. for languages, 介词短语作定语，修饰 graveyard。

By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. [16]    

翻译：到 1996 年为止，生于国外并且在 1970 年之前到来的移民，他们的房屋所有权率达到 75.6%，比土著的美国人所达到的 69.8% 的房屋所有权率还要高。

1. By 1996 /before 1970, 介词短语作时间状语。

2. foreign-born 国外出生的；出生在外国的。

3. who had arrived before 1970 , 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 foreign-born immigrants。

4. home ownership 自有住房；自置居所。

5. home ownership rate 房屋所有权率。

6. of 75.6 percent, 介词短语作定语，修饰 home ownership rate。

7. higher than the 69.8 percent rate, 作比较状语。

8. among native-born Americans, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the 69.8 percent rate。

9. native-born 土生土长的；土著的。

Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics "have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks." [17]

翻译：亚裔和西班牙裔移民他们各自拥有的异族通婚率比美国本土黑人和白人的比例还要高。

1. foreign-born 国外出生的；出生在外国的。

2. rate of … 的比率。

3. than do U.S–born whites and blacks." 是 than 引导的比较状语从句；句中的有部分倒装：than U.S–born whites and blacks do。

By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. [18]

翻译：研究人员指出，和人类一样，卷尾猴也会受社会情感的引导。

1. that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. 是 that 引导的从句，作宾语。

2. like humans, 介词短语作方式状语。

3. be guided by 以… 为指导；由… 引导。

4. social emotion 社会情绪；社会情感。

Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power." [19]   

翻译：Rodriguez 指出，世界各地的偏远乡村的儿童都是 Arnold Schwarzenegger 和 Garth Brooks 这样的超级明星的粉丝，然而一些美国人担心，居住在美国境内的移民对这个国家的同化力量有一定免疫力。

1. yet 连接两个并列句。

2. that children...are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, 是 that 引导的从句，作 notes 的宾语。

3. in remote villages /around the world, 介词短语作定语，修饰 children /remote villages。

4. like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, 介词短语作定语，修饰 superstars。

5. that immigrant..remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power." 是 that 引导的从句，作 fear 的宾语。

6. living within the United States, 现在分词短语作定语，修饰 immigrant。

7. live within 住在… 之内。

8. be immune to 对… 有免疫力；不受… 的影响。

9. assimilative power 同化力量。

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? [20]

翻译：在美国存在引起分歧的问题和一些极度愤怒（的事情）吗？

1. divisive issue 引起分歧的问题。

2. pockets of 一些；… 的口袋。

3. seething anger 极度愤怒；怒火中烧。

4. in America, 介词短语作地点状语。

Indeed. [21]  

翻译：确实有。

It is big enough to have a bit of everything. [22]  

翻译：它足够大，什么东西都有一点。

1. enough to do sth 足以用来做某事；足够做某事。

2. a bit of everything 什么都有一点；杂七杂八。

But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. [23]  

翻译：但是今天的社会指标很难说明一个黑暗且正在恶化的社会环境，尤其是在与美国动荡的过去相比较的时候。

1. (But particularly) when viewed against America's turbulent past, 是 when+ 过去分词短语引导的时间状语。

2. view against 观察；与… 对比；反对… 的意见。

3. turbulent past 动荡的过去；沧桑。

4. social index 社会指数；社会指标。

5. social environment 社会环境。