2005 年考研英语真题 - 完型填空解析

2005 年考研英语真题 - 完型填空解析

The human nose is an underrated tool. [1]         

翻译：人类的嗅觉一直被低估了。

1. human nose 人类的鼻子；人类的嗅觉。

Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals,we stand upright. [2]     

翻译：和动物比起来，人类经常被认为嗅觉不敏感；但很大程度上是因为我们和动物不同，是直立行走的。

1. but 连接两个并列句。

2. be thought to be 被认为是；被看作是。

3. compared with 与… 相比较。

4. unlike animals, 作插入语。

5. because...we stand upright. 是 because 引导的从句，作表语。

6. stand upright 直立；突出；笔直挺立。

This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. [3]  

翻译：这就意味着，我们的鼻子只能感知空气中漂浮的气味，而错过了大多数附着在各种物体表面的气味。

1. that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells (which...), 是 that 引导的从句，作 means 的宾语。

2. be limited to doing sth 把… 限制在做某事的范围内。

3. which float through the air, 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 those smells。

4. float through 浮过；飘过。

5. missing the majority of smells (which...), 是现在分词短语作结果状语。

6. the majority of … 的大多数。

7. which stick to surfaces. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the majority of smells。

8. stick to 坚持；粘住；附着。

In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. [4]  

翻译：尽管如此，我们对气味实际上是极端敏感的，即使我们一般没有意识到这一点。

1. In fact 事实上，实际上。

2. be sensitive to 对… 感到敏感；灵敏。

3. even if we do not generally realize it. 是 even if 引导的让步状语从句。

4. even if 即使；虽然。 

Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million. [5]

翻译：我们的鼻子能够嗅出人类的气味，即使当气味被稀释到百万分之一。

1. be capable of doing sth 能够做某事；强调有做某事的能力。

2. human smell 人类的气味；人类的嗅觉。

3. even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million. 是 even when 引导的让步状语从句。

4. be diluted 被稀释。

5. to far below one part in one million. 是介词短语作程度状语。

6. far below 远低于。

7. one part in one million 百万分之一。

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. [6]     

翻译：奇怪的是，有些人发现他们可以闻出一种花香，却闻不出另一种；而有些人却对两种花香都很敏感。

1. whereas 连接两个并列句。

2. that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 是 that 引导的从句，作 find 的宾语。

3. one type of 一种类型的…；一种。

4. be sensitive to 对… 感到敏感；灵敏。

5. of both flowers. 是介词短语作定语，修饰 the smells。

This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. [7]

翻译：这可能是因为，前者缺乏在鼻子里能够生成特定的嗅觉感受器的必要的基因。

1. because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. 是 because 引导的从句，作表语。

2. necessary to generate particular smell receptors, 是形容词短语作定语，修饰 the genes。

3. smell receptor 嗅觉感受器。

4. in the nose. 介词短语作地点状语。

These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. [8]   

翻译：这些嗅觉感受器就是细胞，它们能察觉气味并将其信息发送给大脑。

1. which sense smells and send messages to the brain. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the cells。

2. sense 和 send 并列作从句的谓语。

3. send message to 发送消息给。

However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough. [9]   

翻译：但是，研究发现，即使是最初对某些气味不敏感的人，如果经常接触这种气味，也会突然对其变得敏感。

1. it（第一个 it）是形式主语，代指后面的 that 从句。

2. it has been found that 人们已经发现；实践证明。

3. insensitive to a certain smell at first, 是形容词短语作定语，修饰 people。

4. insensitive to 迟钝，对… 不敏感。

5. at first 起先，首先；最初。

6. when exposed to it often enough. 是 when 引导的过去分词短语，作条件状语。

7. be exposed to 曝光；曝露。

8. often enough 经常的；足够频繁的。

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. [10]  

翻译：对气味不敏感的解释似乎是：大脑发现让所有嗅觉感受器一直工作效率太低，但是在需要的时候仍可以产生新的感受器。

1. for insensitivity to smell, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 The explanation。

2. seem to be 看来，好像。

3. that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。

4. 表语从句由 but 连接两个并列句，第二个并列句省略了主语 brains。

5. it 是形式宾语，代指后面的 to do 不定式短语（to keep...）。

6. keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事；使某人持续做某事。

7. smell receptor 嗅觉感受器。

8. if necessary, 作条件状语。

This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells--we simply do not need to be. [11]  

翻译：这也许能解释我们为什么通常闻不到自己的气味——因为我们根本不需要闻到自己的气味。

1. why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells. 是 why 引导的从句，作 explain 的宾语。

2. be sensitive to 对… 感到敏感；灵敏。

3. --we simply do not need to be, 破折号内容（部分省略：we simply do not need to be sensitive to our own smells）作原因状语；对前文作解释说明。

We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house but we notice new smells when we visit someone else's. [12]  

翻译：我们并没有注意自己家中常有的气味，而当我们到别人家中时却能注意到那里的新气味。

1. but 连接两个并列句。

2. be aware of 意识到；觉察到。

3. of our own house, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the usual smell。

4. when we visit someone else's. 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。

The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. [13]

翻译：大脑发现最好保持嗅觉感受器能接收陌生和紧急的信号，例如烟味，因为这可能暗示着有火灾的危险。

1. it 是形式宾语，代指后面的 to do 不定式短语（to keep...）。

2. smell receptor 嗅觉感受器。

3. for unfamiliar and emergency signals, 介词短语作方面状语。

4. unfamiliar signal 陌生的信号。

5. emergency signal 紧急信号；遇险信号。

6. such as the smell of smoke, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 unfamiliar and emergency signals。

7. the smell of … 的气味。

8. which might indicate the danger of fire. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the smell of smoke。

9. the danger of … 的危险。