2004 年考研英语真题 - 翻译题解析

2004 年考研英语真题 - 翻译题解析

The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. [1]               

翻译：许多世纪以来，语言与思维之间的关系一直吸引着哲学家们的兴趣。

1. The relation of ⋯之间的关系。

2. of language and mind, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 The relation。

3. for many centuries. 介词短语作时间状语。

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. [2]        

翻译：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系，这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的多样性之前就已在欧洲扎下了根。

1. that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, 是 that 引导的从句，作 assumed 的宾语。

2. the structure of … 的结构。

3. of language, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the structure。

4. have connection with 与… 有联系。

5. the process of … 的过程。

6. which took root in Europe (long before...), 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的主句。

7. take root in 根植于…。

8. long before people realized (how...), 是 long before 引导的时间状语从句。

9. long before 很早以前；在… 以前很久。

10. how diverse languages could be. 是 how 引导的从句，作 realized 的宾语。

Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. [3]   

翻译：直到最近，语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己拥有的完全不同的语言。

1. only 位于句首引导部分倒装结构。

2. the study of … 的研究。

3. that were very different from their own. 是 that 引导的从句，修饰 languages。

4. be different from 与… 不同，不同于。

Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. [4]

翻译：20 世纪上半叶，两位人类语言学家，Franz Boas 和 Edward Sapir 是描述南北美洲土著语言的先驱。

1. Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, 作 Two anthropologist-linguists 的同位语，对其解释说明。

2. anthropologist-linguist, 人类语言学家。

3. in describing many native languages/ in describing many native languages, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 pioneers/ native languages。

4. native language 母语；地方语言；土著语言。

5. during the first half of the twentieth century. 介词短语作时间状语。

6. half of … 的一半。。

We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. [5]     

翻译：我们之所以要感激他们，是因为在此之后，这些语言中有一些已经消失了，这是由于说这些语言的人们或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。

1. be obliged to 不得不；有义务；感谢。

2. because some of these languages have since vanished, (as...), 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。

3. some of 一些；一部分。

4. as the peoples (who...) died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. 是 as 引导的原因状语从句。

5. died out, became assimilated/lost 并列作（as 引导的原因状语）从句的宾语。

6. die out 灭绝；消失。

7. native language 母语；地方语言；土著语言。

Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, were not always so grateful. [6]   

翻译：这一世纪早期，另外一些语言学家对此并无感激之情，因为他们并不急于研究 “奇异” 语言的奇怪数据。

1. in the earlier part of this century, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Other linguists。

2. who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 Other linguists。

3. be eager to do sth 渴望做某事；急于做某事。

4. deal with 处理；涉及；做生意。

5. bizarre data 奇怪的数据；奇异的数据。

6. from "exotic" language, 介词短语作定语，修饰 bizarre data。

7. exotic language 外来语；异国语言。

8. be grateful 感恩，心存感激。

The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. [7]     

翻译：这些新近被描述的语言和得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以致于那些学者甚至指责 Boas 和 Sapir 捏造了数据材料。

1. 该句子的主干为：The newly described languages were so different from...that...。

2. be different from 与… 不同，不同于。

3. of Europe and Southeast Asia, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 the well studied languages。

4. that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 是 that 引导的结果状语从句。

5. accuse sb of doing sth 指责某人做了某事；因为某事指控某人。

Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. [8]   

翻译：美洲的土著语言是如此不同，甚至美军在第二次世界大战中用土著语言 Navajo 发送密电。

1. Native American language 美洲原住民语言。

2. so much so that 到这样程度以致…。

3. in fact 事实上，实际上。

4. that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. 是 that 引导的结果状语从句。

5. be used by 被… 使用。

6. be used as 被用来做…。

7. during World War II, 介词短语作时间状语。

8. World War II 第二次世界大战。

9. to send secret messages. 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。

10. secret message 机密信息，密电。

Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. [9]  

翻译：Sapir 的学生 Benjamin Lee Whorf 继续研究美洲印第安语言。

1. Benjamin Lee Whorf, 作 Sapir's pupil 的同位语，对其解释说明。

2. the study of … 的研究。

3. American Indian languages 美洲印第安语言；美国印第安族诸语言。

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. [10]       

翻译：出于对语言和思维关系的兴趣，Whorf 逐渐形成了这样观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯性思维的结构。

1. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, 现在分词短语作原因状语。

2. be interested in 对… 感兴趣。

3. the relationship of … 的关系；… 的关联。

4. develop the idea that 形成这样一个观点。

5. that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 是 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 the idea。

6. the structure of … 的结构。

7. of language/ of habitual thought, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the structure。

8. habitual thought 习惯思维。

9. in a society. 介词短语作地点状语。

He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. [11]  

翻译：他推理到：因为人们很容易用某一特定的语言形成一些特定概念，而不是其他的概念，语言的使用者往往会沿着一条思路思考问题，而不是其他思路。

1. that (because...), the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 是 that 引导的从句，作 reasoned 的宾语。

2. because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。

3. it 是形式主语，代指后面的 to do 不定式短语（to formulate...）。

4. certain concepts 特定概念。

5. not others, 是 not other concepts（有别于 certain concepts）；和 certain concepts 一起作 formulate 的宾语。

6. in a given language, 介词短语作方面状语。

7. given language 特定的语言。

8. of that language, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the speakers。

9. one track 对应于 certain concepts；another 对应于 others。

Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. [12]  

翻译：Whorf 进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

1. believe in 信仰；信任。

2. a sort of 一种；有点。

3. linguistic determinism 语言决定论。

4. which...states that...and that..., 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 linguistic determinism。

5. in its strongest form, 介词短语作程度状语；意思是：以它最有力的形式；以其最强烈的形式。

6. that language imprisons the mind, 是 that 引导的从句，作 states 的宾语。

7. that the grammatical patterns...can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 是 that 引导的从句，作 states 的宾语。

8. grammatical pattern 语法模式。

9. in a language, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the grammatical patterns。

10. far-reaching 影响深远的，波及广泛的。

11. for the culture of a society. 介词短语作方面状语。

12. of a society, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the culture。

Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. [13]

翻译：后来，此观点成为著名的 Sapir-Whorf 假设，但这一说法并不恰当。

1. but 连接两个并列句。

2. be known as 被称为；被认为是；以… 著称。

3. somewhat inappropriate 有点不恰当；有点不适当。

Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism. [14]  

翻译：尽管 Sapir-Whorf 都强调语言的差异性，Sapir 本人却从未明确支持语言决定论的观点。

1. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, 是 although 引导的让步状语从句。

2. the diversity of … 的多样性。

3. of languages. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the diversity。

4. himself 作 Sapir 的同位语。

5. the notion of  … 的观点；… 的概念。

6. of linguistic determinism. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the notion。

7. linguistic determinism 语言决定论。