2003 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 2 解析

2003 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 2 解析

To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." [1]         

翻译：18 世纪政治家 Edmund Burke 曾解述道，“一项受错误思想引导的事业如果要成功，它唯一需要的就是好人的沉默和旁观”。

1. To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, 是 to do 不定式短语，作目的状语。

2. that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 all。

3. of a misguided cause, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the triumph。

4. that good people do nothing. 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。

One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. [2]    

翻译：现在就有这样一种事业正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有一种理论认为，动物享有不作为实验研究对象的权利。

1. seek to do sth. 试图做；设法做某事。

2. biomedical research 生物医学研究。

3. because of the theory, 是 because of 引导的原因状语。

4. that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 theory。

5. ruling out their use in research, 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 rights。

6. rule out 排除；取消；划去；反对；阻止。

7. in research, 介词短语作定语，修饰 their use。

Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. [3]       

翻译：科学家应该向动物权利的鼓吹者做出强有力的回应，那些人的言论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到健康知识与保健的进步。

1. need to do sth 需要做某事。

2. animal rights advocate 动物权利倡导者。

3. whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. 是 whose 引导的定语从句，修饰 animal rights advocates。

4. 定语从句中有两个并列的谓语部分：are confusing 和 threatening。

5. confuse the public 迷惑大众；混淆视听。

6. in health knowledge and care. 介词短语作定语，修饰 advances。

7. health knowledge and care 健康知识与保健。

Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. [4]      

翻译：动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于它依赖于公共资金的资助，而很少有人懂得卫生保健研究研究的过程。

1. of the animal rights movement, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Leaders。

2. animal rights movement 动物权利运动。

3. biomedical research 生物医学研究。

4. because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. 是 because 引导的原因状语从句，从句中由 and 连接两个并列句。

5. depend on 取决于；依赖；依靠。

6. public funding 公共资助；公共资金；公共基金。

7. the process of … 的过程。

8. health care research 卫生保健研究。 

Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. [5]       

翻译：当人们听到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都困惑于（为什么）有人会故意伤害动物。

1. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, 现在分词短语作时间 (或原因) 状语。

2. of cruelty to animals, 介词短语作定语，修饰 allegations。

3. in research settings, 介词短语作定语，修饰 allegations of cruelty to animals。

4. research setting 研究背景；研究环境。

5. be perplexed 迷惘。

6. that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. 是 that 引导的从句，作原因状语（也有观点认为是作宾语从句）。

For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals--no meat, no fur, no medicines. [6]  

翻译：例如，一位最近在街头担任动物权利宣传点（摊）职员的老奶奶正在分发小册子，鼓励人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品——肉类，毛皮，药物。

1. 该句子的主干为：a woman...was distributing a brochure...。

2. For example 例如。

3. staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair, 现在分词短语作定语，修饰 a grandmotherly woman。

4. animal rights 动物权利。

5. at a recent street fair, 介词短语作地点状语。

6. street fair 街头集市。

7. that encouraged readers not to use anything (that...), 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 a brochure。

8. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励（某人）去做（某事）。

9. that comes from or is tested in animals, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 anything。

10. come from 来自；出生于。

11. --no meat, no fur, no medicines. 破折号内容作同位语，解释说明前面的 animals。

Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. [7]  

翻译：当被问及是否反对免疫（接种）时，她想知道疫苗是否来自动物研究。

1. Asked if she opposed immunizations, 是过去分词短语作时间状语（when she was asked if...）。

2. if she opposed immunizations, 是 if 引导的从句，作 asked 的宾语。

3. if vaccines come from animal research. 是 if 引导的从句，作 know 的宾语。

4. come from 来自；出生于。

5. animal research 动物研究。

When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." [8]      

翻译：当被告知的确如此，她回答道，“那么我不得不说，是的”。

1. When assured that they do, 是 when 引导的时间状语；省略了主谓：when （she was） assured that they do。

2. that they do, 是 that 引导的从句，作 assured 的宾语。

3. "Then I would have to say yes." 双引号内容作 replied 的宾语。

4. have to do sth 不得不做某事；必须做某事。

Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." [9]   

翻译：当被问及瘟疫爆发时该怎么办，她说，“不用担心，科学家会用计算机找到方法来解决问题。”

1. Asked what will happen when epidemics return, 是过去分词短语作时间状语（when she was asked what...）。

2. what will happen (when epidemics return), 是 what 引导的从句，作 asked 的宾语。

3. when epidemics return, 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。

4. 双引号内容作 said 的宾语。

5. of using computers, 介词短语作定语，修饰 some way。

Such well-meaning people just don't understand. [10]     

翻译：这些好心的人们只是不了解。

1. well-meaning 善意的；好心的。

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way--in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. [11]    

翻译：科学必须使用富于同情心的、通俗易懂的方式将信息传达公众——使普通人可以理解的说法，而不是使用分子生物学的专业术语。

1. communicate sth to sb 把… 传达给某人；使… 被人知晓。

2. in a compassionate, understandable way, 介词短语作方式状语。

3. --in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. 破折号内容作 a compassionate, understandable way 的同位语，对其解释说明。

4. human term 普通人可以理解的说法。

5. molecular biology 分子生物学。

We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. [12]    

翻译：我们需要解释清楚动物实验与祖母的髋关节置换、父亲的心脏搭桥（手术）、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的防疫注射针之间的密切关系。

1. make clear 显示；解释清楚。

2. between (animal research) and (a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots). 是 between and 连接的介词短语作定语，修饰 the connection。

3. animal research 动物研究。

4. hip replacement 髋关节置换。

5. bypass operation 搭桥手术；旁路术；捷径术。

6. pet's shot 宠物的（防疫）注射。

To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. [13]  

翻译：许多人都不了解，要想获得这些这些治疗手段以及一些新的治疗方法和疫苗，就必需进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说的好是浪费，说不好是残忍。

1. To those (who...), 是介词短语作方面状语。

2. who are unaware (that...), 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 those。

3. be unaware that 没有认识到。

4. that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, 是 that 连接的从句，作 unaware 的宾语。

5. animal research 动物研究。

6. be needed to 被需要…。

7. as well as 也；和… 一样；不但… 而且。

8. at best /at worst, 介词短语作程度状语。

9. at best 充其量；最多；最好的情况下。

10. at worst 在最坏的情况下；作为最坏的可能性。

Much can be done. [14]  

翻译：还有很多事情可以做。

Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. [15]  

翻译：科学家可以利用中学课堂介绍他们的科研活动。

1. could "adopt" 和 present 并列作谓语。

2. middle school 中学。

They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. [16]

翻译：他们应该对报刊的读者来信迅速做出回应，以防止 “动物权利” 的错误（信息）不受质疑，并且披上真理的外衣。

1. lest 连接两个并列句。

2. be quick to do sth 立刻做某事。

3. respond to a letter 回复信件，回信。

4. letter to the editor 读者来信。

5. lest, 是连词；意思是：以免，以防；其所接从句需要使用 should(可省略)+ 动词原形的虚拟语气。

6. animal rights 动物权利。

7. go 和 acquire 并列作谓语。

8. go unchallenged 不受挑战的；没有争议的。

9. deceptive appearance 欺骗性的外表。

Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. [17]

翻译：研究机构应该对外开放，向大家展示试验动物获得了人文关怀。

1. research institution 研究机构。

2. be open to 对… 开放；愿接受… 的。

3. to show (that...), 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。

4. that laboratory animals receive humane care. 是 that 引导的从句作 to show 的宾语。

5. laboratory animal 试验动物。

6. humane care 人文关怀；人性化护理。

Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. [18]

翻译：最后，因为最终受益者是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取像 Stephen Cooper 这样的名人的支持——他对于动物研究的价值进行了勇敢的陈述——而且应该争取所有接受医学治疗的病人的支持。

1. because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。

2. health research community 医疗研究机构。

3. recruit sb to its cause 招募某人加入其事业；该句子的 sb：well-known personalities(such as..., who) 和 all(who receive medical treatment)。

4. not only...but 不仅… 而且。

5. well-known 众所周知的。

6. well-known personality 知名人物；著名人物。

7. such as Stephen Cooper, 介词短语作定语，修饰 well-known personalities。

8. who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 Stephen Cooper。

9. make statement 发表声明。

10. about the value of animal research, 介词短语作定语，修饰 statements。

11. of animal research, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the value。

12. animal research 动物研究。

13. who receive medical treatment, 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 all。

14. medical treatment 治疗，医疗。

If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. [19]

翻译：如果好人什么也不做，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵的小火苗。

1. If good people do nothing, 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。

2. do nothing 什么也不做，无所事事。

3. 主句是 there be 句型。

4. that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 是 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 a real possibility，对其解释说明。

5. uninformed citizenry 信息闭塞的公民；无知的公民。

6. of medical progress. 是介词短语作定语，修饰 the precious embers。

7. medical progress 医学进步。