阿飞飞飞

学而时习之

导航

MYSQL数据库的增删改以及查

什么是数据库???

        ——存储数据的仓库

1、建库

  drop database if exists DATABASE_NAME;  //删除数据库(若存在)

  create database DATABASE_NAME;      //创建数据库

  use DATABASE_NAME;            //进入数据库

2、数据库中可以以表的方式存储数据,便于我们对其进行增删改查的操作

 

  以下面两张表为例,进行增删改查的操作

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test1;
CREATE DATABASE test1;
USE test1;
##部门表
#DROP IF EXISTS TABLE DEPT;
CREATE TABLE DEPT(
DEPTNO int PRIMARY KEY,##部门编号
DNAME VARCHAR(14) , ##部门名称
LOC VARCHAR(13) ##部门地址
) ;
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30,'SALES','CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');
##员工表
#DROP IF EXISTS TABLE EMP;
CREATE TABLE EMP(
EMPNO int PRIMARY KEY, #员工编号
ENAME VARCHAR(10), #员工姓名
JOB VARCHAR(9), #员工工作
MGR int, #员工直属领导编号
HIREDATE DATE, #入职时间
SAL double, #工资
COMM double, #奖金
DEPTNO int #对应dept表的外键
);
## 添加 部门 和 员工 之间的主外键关系
ALTER TABLE EMP ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY EMP(DEPTNO) REFERENCES DEPT (DEPTNO);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,"1980-12-17",800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-07-03',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-07-13',1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-03',950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1981-01-23',1300,NULL,10);

  

  

增:包括对表的增加和对表内数据的增加

  1)create table TEST2(FIELD...);

  2) a.单条数据  insert into EMP(ENAME) values('ZHANG');

   

    b.多条数据复制于已知表

    create table TEST(TEST VARCHAR(10));

    insert into TEST(TEST) select ENAME from EMP;

   

    

    c.一边创表一边代入数据  create table if not exists TEST2(select ENAME from EMP);

    

 

删:包括对表的删除和表内数据的删除

  1)drop table TEST;

    

   2)删除数据  delete from TEST2 where ENAME='ZHANG';

     

 注:有一种不可恢复的删除方法,可以删除表内所有内容  truncate table TEST2;

    

改:可以对表的内容进行修改  update EMP set ENAME='SMITHHH' where ENAME='SMITH';

   

 

查:包括简单查询和复杂查询

  1)简单查询一般为单表查询

    a.例如查询部门30中的员工的详细信息

select
    *
from
    EMP 
where
    DEPTNO=30;

 

     

      b.例如查询从事clerk工作的员工编号,姓名,部门号

select
    EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO
from
    EMP
where
    JOB='clerk';

 

    

   2)复杂查询

       a.例如查询拥有员工的部门名和部门号

select
    D.DNAME,D.DEPTNO
from
    DEPT D
RIGHT join
    EMP E
on
    E.DEPTNO=D.DEPTNO
where
    E.ENAME is not null;

 

     

       b.查询员工和所属经理的名称

select
    (A.ENAME) MANAGER,B.ENAME
from
(
    select
        E.ENAME,E.DEPTNO
    from
        EMP E
    where
        E.JOB='MANAGER'
)A
inner join
(
    select
        E.ENAME,E.DEPTNO
    from
        EMP E
    where
        E.JOB<>'MANAGER'    and E.JOB<>'PRESIDENT'
)B
on
    A.DEPTNO=B.DEPTNO;

      

posted on 2020-07-05 13:39  阿飞飞飞  阅读(295)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报