Filter

1. Filter:

1). Filter 是什么 ?

          ①. JavaWEB 的一个重要组件, 可以对发送到 Servlet 的请求进行拦截, 并对响应也进行拦截.

          ②. Filter 是实现了 Filter 接口的 Java 类.

          ③. Filter 需要在 web.xml 文件中进行配置和映射.

2). 如何创建一个 Filter, 并把他跑起来

          ①. 创建一个 Filter 类: 实现 Filter 接口: public class HelloFilter implements Filter

          ②. 在 web.xml 文件中配置并映射该 Filter.

                其中 url-pattern 指定该 Filter 可以拦截哪些资源, 即可以通过哪些 url 访问到该 Filter

    <!-- 注册Filter -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>helloFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.aff.filter.HelloFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
        <param-name>name</param-name>
        <param-value>root</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <!-- 映射Filter -->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>helloFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/test.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

3). Filter 相关的 API:

①. Filter 接口:

> public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig): 类似于 Servlet 的 init 方法.

   在创建 Filter 对象(Filter 对象在 Servlet 容器加载当前 WEB 应用时即被创建)后,

   立即被调用, 且只被调用一次. 该方法用于对当前的 Filter 进行初始化操作. Filter 实例是单例的.

   FilterConfig 类似于 ServletConfig

可以在 web.xml 文件中配置当前 Filter 的初始化参数. 配置方式也和 Servlet 类似。

    <filter>
        <filter-name>helloFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.aff.filter.HelloFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
        <param-name>name</param-name>
        <param-value>root</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

> public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain):

   真正 Filter 的逻辑代码需要编写在该方法中. 每次拦截都会调用该方法.

   FilterChain: Filter 链. 多个 Filter 可以构成一个 Filter 链.

-  doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response): 把请求传给 Filter 链的下一个 Filter,
   若当前 Filter 是 Filter 链的最后一个 Filter, 将把请求给到目标 Serlvet(或 JSP)

-  多个 Filter 拦截的顺序和 <filter-mapping> 配置的顺序有关, 靠前的先被调用.

> public void destroy(): 释放当前 Filter 所占用的资源的方法. 在 Filter 被销毁之前被调用, 且只被调用一次.

4). <dispatcher> 元素: 指定过滤器所拦截的资源被 Servlet 容器调用的方式,
     可以是REQUEST,INCLUDE,FORWARD和ERROR之一,默认REQUEST.
     可以设置多个<dispatcher> 子元素用来指定 Filter 对资源的多种调用方式进行拦截

①. REQUEST:当用户直接访问页面时,Web容器将会调用过滤器。

      如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的include()或forward()方法访问时,

      那么该过滤器就不会被调用。通过 GET 或 POST 请求直接访问。

②. FORWARD:如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的forward()方法访问时,那么该过滤器将被调用,除此之外,该过滤器不会被调用。

                            或 <jsp:forward page="/..." /> 或 通过 page 指令的 errorPage 转发页面. <%@ page errorPage="test.jsp" %>

②. INCLUDE:如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的include()方法访问时,那么该过滤器将被调用。除此之外,该过滤器不会被调用。

                         或 <jsp:include file="/..." />

④. ERROR:如果目标资源是通过声明式异常处理机制调用时,那么该过滤器将被调用。除此之外,过滤器不会被调用。

在 web.xml 文件中通过 error-page 节点进行声明:

<error-page>
<exception-type>java.lang.ArithmeticException</exception-type>
<location>/test.jsp</location>
</error-page>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>secondFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/test.jsp</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>ERROR</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>

 

练习

 login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<font color=" red"  >${message }</font>
    <br>
    <br>

    <form action="hello.jsp"  method="post">
username: <input type="text"   name="username" value="${param.username }">
password:<input type="password"  name="password"/>

<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>

</form>

</body>
</html>

 

hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello: ${param.username}
</body>
</html>

 

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    version="3.1">
    <!--初始化参数 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>password</param-name>
        <param-value>123456</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <filter>
    <display-name>UserNameFilter</display-name>
        <filter-name>UserNameFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.aff.filter.UserNameFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>username</param-name>
            <param-value>root</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>UserNameFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
    
    <filter>
    <display-name>PasswordFilter</display-name>
        <filter-name>PasswordFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.aff.filter.PasswordFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>PasswordFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>


</web-app>

 

UserNameFilter

package com.aff.filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class UserNameFilter implements Filter {

    public UserNameFilter() {
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        String initUser = filterConfig.getInitParameter("username");
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        if (!initUser.equals(username)) {
            request.setAttribute("message", "用户名不正确");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
            return;
        }
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    private FilterConfig filterConfig;

    public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
        this.filterConfig = fConfig;
    }

}

 

PasswordFilter

package com.aff.filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class PasswordFilter implements Filter {

    public PasswordFilter() {
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        String initPassword = filterConfig.getServletContext().getInitParameter("password");
        String passsword = request.getParameter("password");
        if (!initPassword.equals(passsword)) {
            request.setAttribute("message", "密码不正确");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
            return;
        }
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    private FilterConfig filterConfig;

    public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
        this.filterConfig = fConfig;

    }

}

 

posted @ 2020-04-24 21:44  林淼零  阅读(240)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报