第三百六十九节，Python分布式爬虫打造搜索引擎Scrapy精讲—elasticsearch(搜索引擎)用Django实现搜索功能
第三百六十九节，Python分布式爬虫打造搜索引擎Scrapy精讲—elasticsearch(搜索引擎)用Django实现搜索功能
Django实现搜索功能
1、在Django配置搜索结果页的路由映射
"""pachong URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app1 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^$', views.indexluoji), url(r'^index/', views.indexluoji), url(r'^suggest/$', views.suggestluoji,name="suggest"), # 搜索字段补全请求 url(r'^search/$', views.searchluoji,name="search"), # 搜索 ]
2、编写逻辑处理函数
在逻辑处理函数里实现搜索数据
（1）获取到用户的搜索词
（2）利用原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口，实现搜索，注明：elasticsearch-dsl就是在原生的elasticsearch上做了封装
Elasticsearch()方法，连接原生的elasticsearch服务器
search()方法，原生elasticsearch查询方法，支持原生的elasticsearch查询语句，返回的原生语句结果也就是字典形式的数据
在查询语句里进行关键词高亮处理
将查询到的结果，循环获取到后返回到html页面
from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.views.generic.base import View from app1.models import lagouType # 导入操作elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类 import json from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch # 导入原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口 client = Elasticsearch(hosts=["127.0.0.1"]) # 连接原生的elasticsearch def indexluoji(request): print(request.method) # 获取用户请求的路径 return render(request, 'index.html') def suggestluoji(request): # 搜索自动补全逻辑处理 key_words = request.GET.get('s', '') # 获取到请求词 re_datas = [] if key_words: s = lagouType.search() # 实例化elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类的search查询 s = s.suggest('my_suggest', key_words, completion={ "field": "suggest", "fuzzy": { "fuzziness": 1 }, "size": 5 }) suggestions = s.execute_suggest() for match in suggestions.my_suggest[0].options: source = match._source re_datas.append(source["title"]) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(re_datas), content_type="application/json") def searchluoji(request): # 搜索逻辑处理 key_words = request.GET.get('q', '') # 获取到请求词 response = client.search( # 原生的elasticsearch接口的search()方法，就是搜索，可以支持原生elasticsearch语句查询 index="lagou", # 设置索引名称 doc_type="biao", # 设置表名称 body={ # 书写elasticsearch语句 "query": { "multi_match": { # multi_match查询 "query": key_words, # 查询关键词 "fields": ["title", "description"] # 查询字段 } }, "from": 0, # 从第几条开始获取 "size": 10, # 获取多少条数据 "highlight": { # 查询关键词高亮处理 "pre_tags": ['<span class="keyWord">'], # 高亮开始标签 "post_tags": ['</span>'], # 高亮结束标签 "fields": { # 高亮设置 "title": {}, # 高亮字段 "description": {} # 高亮字段 } } } ) total_nums = response["hits"]["total"] # 获取查询结果的总条数 hit_list = [] # 设置一个列表来储存搜索到的信息，返回给html页面 for hit in response["hits"]["hits"]: # 循环查询到的结果 hit_dict = {} # 设置一个字典来储存循环结果 if "title" in hit["highlight"]: # 判断title字段，如果高亮字段有类容 hit_dict["title"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["title"]) # 获取高亮里的title else: hit_dict["title"] = hit["_source"]["title"] # 否则获取不是高亮里的title if "description" in hit["highlight"]: # 判断description字段，如果高亮字段有类容 hit_dict["description"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["description"])[:500] # 获取高亮里的description else: hit_dict["description"] = hit["_source"]["description"] # 否则获取不是高亮里的description hit_dict["url"] = hit["_source"]["url"] # 获取返回url hit_list.append(hit_dict) # 将获取到内容的字典，添加到列表 return render(request, 'result.html', {"all_hits": hit_list, "key_words": key_words}) #显示页面和将列表和搜索词返回到html
3、html页面接收搜索结果
注意：因为Django实现了防止恶意代码写入，凡是通过变量传输到html页面的html类型代码，将会被自动转换成字符串方式显示，索引我们需要在接收变量的字段用：{% autoescape off %} {{ 接收变量 }} {% endautoescape %}，来显示html代码，
搜索后因为进行了一次跳转，所以搜索框里的搜索词将不存在，我们需要在传递搜索结果到页面的时候，将搜索词也传递进来填充到搜索框
<!DOCTYPE html > <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> {#引入静态文件路径#} {% load staticfiles %} <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=emulateIE7" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>python-lcv-search搜索引擎</title> <link href="{% static 'css/style.css'%}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="{% static 'css/result.css'%}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div id="hd" class="ue-clear"> <a href="/"><div class="logo"></div></a> <div class="inputArea"> <input type="text" class="searchInput" value="{{ key_words }}"/> <input type="button" class="searchButton" onclick="add_search()"/> </div> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul class="searchList"> <li class="searchItem current" data-type="article">文章</li> <li class="searchItem" data-type="question">问答</li> <li class="searchItem" data-type="job">职位</li> </ul> </div> <div id="bd" class="ue-clear"> <div id="main"> <div class="sideBar"> <div class="subfield">网站</div> <ul class="subfieldContext"> <li> <span class="name">伯乐在线</span> <span class="unit">(None)</span> </li> <li> <span class="name">知乎</span> <span class="unit">(9862)</span> </li> <li> <span class="name">拉勾网</span> <span class="unit">(9862)</span> </li> <li class="more"> <a href="javascript:;"> <span class="text">更多</span> <i class="moreIcon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sideBarShowHide"> <a href="javascript:;" class="icon"></a> </div> </div> <div class="resultArea"> <p class="resultTotal"> <span class="info">找到约 <span class="totalResult">45</span> 条结果(用时<span class="time">0.643128</span>秒)，共约<span class="totalPage">5</span>页</span> </p> <div class="resultList"> {% for hit in all_hits %} <div class="resultItem"> <div class="itemHead"> <a href="{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.url }} {% endautoescape %}" target="_blank" class="title">{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.title }} {% endautoescape %}</a> <span class="divsion">-</span> <span class="fileType"> <span class="label">来源：</span> <span class="value">网络</span> </span> <span class="dependValue"> <span class="label">得分：</span> <span class="value">3.401155</span> </span> </div> <div class="itemBody"> {% autoescape off %} {{ hit.description }} {% endautoescape %} </div> </div> {% endfor %} </div> <!-- 分页 --> <div class="pagination ue-clear"></div> <!-- 相关搜索 --> </div> <div class="historyArea"> <div class="hotSearch"> <h6>热门搜索</h6> <ul class="historyList"> <li><a href="/search?q=linux">linux</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mySearch"> <h6>我的搜索</h6> <ul class="historyList"> </ul> </div> </div> </div><!-- End of main --> </div><!--End of bd--> </div> <div id="foot">Copyright ©projectsedu.com 版权所有 E-mail:admin@projectsedu.com</div> </body> <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/jquery.js'%}"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/global.js'%}"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/pagination.js'%}"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var search_url = "/search/" $('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){ $('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current'); $(this).addClass('current'); }); $.each($('.subfieldContext'), function(i, item){ $(this).find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show(); }); function removeByValue(arr, val) { for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++) { if(arr[i] == val) { arr.splice(i, 1); break; } } } $('.subfieldContext .more').click(function(e){ var $more = $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more'); if($more.hasClass('show')){ if($(this).hasClass('define')){ $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('自定义'); }else{ $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('更多'); } $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show(); }else{ $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').addClass('show').find('.text').text('收起'); $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').show(); } }); $('.sideBarShowHide a').click(function(e) { if($('#main').hasClass('sideBarHide')){ $('#main').removeClass('sideBarHide'); $('#container').removeClass('sideBarHide'); }else{ $('#main').addClass('sideBarHide'); $('#container').addClass('sideBarHide'); } }); var key_words = "java" //分页 $(".pagination").pagination(45, { current_page :0, //当前页码 items_per_page :10, display_msg :true, callback :pageselectCallback }); function pageselectCallback(page_id, jq) { window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+key_words+'&p='+page_id } setHeight(); $(window).resize(function(){ setHeight(); }); function setHeight(){ if($('#container').outerHeight() < $(window).height()){ $('#container').height($(window).height()-33); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){ $('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current'); $(this).addClass('current'); }); // 联想下拉显示隐藏 $('.searchInput').on('focus', function(){ $('.dataList').show() }); // 联想下拉点击 $('.dataList').on('click', 'li', function(){ var text = $(this).text(); $('.searchInput').val(text); $('.dataList').hide() }); hideElement($('.dataList'), $('.searchInput')); </script> <script> var searchArr; //定义一个search的，判断浏览器有无数据存储（搜索历史） if(localStorage.search){ //如果有，转换成 数组的形式存放到searchArr的数组里（localStorage以字符串的形式存储，所以要把它转换成数组的形式） searchArr= localStorage.search.split(",") }else{ //如果没有，则定义searchArr为一个空的数组 searchArr = []; } //把存储的数据显示出来作为搜索历史 MapSearchArr(); function add_search(){ var val = $(".searchInput").val(); if (val.length>=2){ //点击搜索按钮时，去重 KillRepeat(val); //去重后把数组存储到浏览器localStorage localStorage.search = searchArr; //然后再把搜索内容显示出来 MapSearchArr(); } window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+val+"&s_type="+$(".searchItem.current").attr('data-type') } function MapSearchArr(){ var tmpHtml = ""; var arrLen = 0 if (searchArr.length > 6){ arrLen = 6 }else { arrLen = searchArr.length } for (var i=0;i<arrLen;i++){ tmpHtml += '<li><a href="/search?q='+searchArr[i]+'">'+searchArr[i]+'</a></li>' } $(".mySearch .historyList").append(tmpHtml); } //去重 function KillRepeat(val){ var kill = 0; for (var i=0;i<searchArr.length;i++){ if(val===searchArr[i]){ kill ++; } } if(kill<1){ searchArr.unshift(val); }else { removeByValue(searchArr, val) searchArr.unshift(val) } } </script> </html>
最终效果
