第三百二十九节，web爬虫讲解2—urllib库爬虫—ip代理—用户代理和ip代理结合应用
第三百二十九节，web爬虫讲解2—urllib库爬虫—ip代理
使用IP代理
ProxyHandler()格式化IP，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置
build_opener()初始化IP
install_opener()将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib import urllib.request import random #引入随机模块文件 ip = "180.115.8.212:39109" proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https":ip}) #格式化IP,注意：第一个参数可能是http或者https，对应设置 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandler) #初始化IP urllib.request.install_opener(opener) #将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求 url = "https://www.baidu.com/" data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8") print(data)
ip代理池构建一
适合IP存活时间长，稳定性好的代理ip，随机调用列表里的ip
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib from urllib import request import random #引入随机模块文件 def dai_li_ip(): ip = [ '110.73.8.103:8123', '115.46.151.100:8123', '42.233.187.147:19' ] shui = random.choice(ip) print(shui) proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": shui}) # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求 dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数 url = "https://www.baidu.com/" data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8") print(data)
ip代理池构建二，接口方式
每次调用第三方接口动态获取ip,适用于IP存活时间短的情况
我们用http://http.zhimaruanjian.com/第三方接口测试
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib from urllib import request import json def dai_li_ip(): url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1" data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8") data2 = json.loads(data) # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型 print(data2['data'][0]) ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip']) dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port']) zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou print(zh_ip) proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": zh_ip}) # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求 dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数 url = "https://www.baidu.com/" data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8") print(data)
用户代理和ip代理结合应用
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib from urllib import request import json import random def yh_dl(): #创建用户代理池 yhdl = [ 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1', 'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11', 'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5', 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5', 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1', 'Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13', 'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)', 'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999', 'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999', 'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999' ] thisua = random.choice(yhdl) #随机获取代理信息 headers = ("User-Agent",thisua) #拼接报头信息 opener = urllib.request.build_opener() #创建请求对象 opener.addheaders=[headers] #添加报头到请求对象 urllib.request.install_opener(opener) #将报头信息设置为全局，urlopen()方法请求时也会自动添加报头 def dai_li_ip(): #创建ip代理池 url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1" data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8") data2 = json.loads(data) # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型 print(data2['data'][0]) ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip']) dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port']) zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou print(zh_ip) proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": zh_ip}) # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求 dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数 yh_dl() #执行用户代理池函数 gjci = '连衣裙' zh_gjci = gjc = urllib.request.quote(gjci) #将关键词转码成浏览器认识的字符，默认网站不能是中文 url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=%s&s=0" %(zh_gjci) # print(url) data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8") print(data)
用户代理和ip代理结合应用封装模块
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib from urllib import request import json import random import re import urllib.error def hq_html(hq_url): """ hq_html()封装的爬虫函数，自动启用了用户代理和ip代理 接收一个参数url,要爬取页面的url，返回html源码 """ def yh_dl(): #创建用户代理池 yhdl = [ 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1', 'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11', 'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5', 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5', 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1', 'Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13', 'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)', 'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999', 'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999', 'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999' ] thisua = random.choice(yhdl) #随机获取代理信息 headers = ("User-Agent",thisua) #拼接报头信息 opener = urllib.request.build_opener() #创建请求对象 opener.addheaders=[headers] #添加报头到请求对象 urllib.request.install_opener(opener) #将报头信息设置为全局，urlopen()方法请求时也会自动添加报头 def dai_li_ip(hq_url): #创建ip代理池 url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1" if url: data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8") data2 = json.loads(data) # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型 # print(data2['data'][0]) ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip']) dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port']) zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou pat = "(\w*):\w*" rst = re.compile(pat).findall(hq_url) #正则匹配获取是http协议还是https协议 rst2 = rst[0] proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({rst2: zh_ip}) # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP else: pass #请求 try: dai_li_ip(hq_url) #执行代理IP函数 yh_dl() #执行用户代理池函数 data = urllib.request.urlopen(hq_url).read().decode("utf-8") return data except urllib.error.URLError as e: # 如果出现错误 if hasattr(e, "code"): # 如果有错误代码 # print(e.code) # 打印错误代码 pass if hasattr(e, "reason"): # 如果有错误信息 # print(e.reason) # 打印错误信息 pass # a = hq_html('http://www.baid.com/') # print(a)
模块使用
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib.request import fzhpach gjc = '广告录音' gjc = urllib.request.quote(gjc) #将关键词转码成浏览器认识的字符，默认网站不能是中文 url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%s&pn=0' %(gjc) a = fzhpach.hq_html(url) print(a)
