Java继承与清理

【程序实例】

import java.util.*;

class Characteristic {
    private String s;
    Characteristic(String s) {
        this.s=s;
        System.out.println("Creating Characteristic "+s);
    }
    protected void dispose() {
        System.out.println("Disposing Characteristic "+s);
    }
}

class Description {
    private String s;
    Description(String s) {
        this.s=s;
        System.out.println("Creating Description "+s);
    }
    protected void dispose() {
        System.out.println("Disposing Description "+s);
    }
}

class LivingCreature {
    private Characteristic p=new Characteristic("is alive");
    private Description t=new Description("Basic Living Creature");
    LivingCreature() {
        System.out.println("LivingCreature()");
    }
    protected void dispose() {
        System.out.println("LivingCreature dispose");
        t.dispose();
        p.dispose();
    }
}

class Animal extends LivingCreature {
    private Characteristic p=new Characteristic("has heart");
    private Description t=new Description("Animal not Vegetable");
    Animal() {
        System.out.println("Animal()");
    }
    protected void dispose() {
        System.out.println("Animal dispose");
        t.dispose();
        p.dispose();
        super.dispose();
    }
}

class Amphibian extends Animal {
    private Characteristic p=new Characteristic("can live in water");
    private Description t=new Description("Both water and land");
    Amphibian() {
        System.out.println("Amphibian()");
    }
    protected void dispose() {
        System.out.println("Amphibian dispose");
        t.dispose();
        p.dispose();
        super.dispose();
    }
}

public class Frog extends Amphibian {
    private Characteristic p=new Characteristic("Croaks");
    private Description t=new Description("Eats Bugs");
    public Frog() {
        System.out.println("Frog()");
    }
    protected void dispose() {
        System.out.println("Frog dispose");
        t.dispose();
        p.dispose();
        super.dispose();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frog frog=new Frog();
        System.out.println("Bye!");
        frog.dispose();
    }
}

【运行结果】

Creating Characteristic is alive
Creating Description Basic Living Creature
LivingCreature()
Creating Characteristic has heart
Creating Description Animal not Vegetable
Animal()
Creating Characteristic can live in water
Creating Description Both water and land
Amphibian()
Creating Characteristic Croaks
Creating Description Eats Bugs
Frog()
Bye!
Frog dispose
Disposing Description Eats Bugs
Disposing Characteristic Croaks
Amphibian dispose
Disposing Description Both water and land
Disposing Characteristic can live in water
Animal dispose
Disposing Description Animal not Vegetable
Disposing Characteristic has heart
LivingCreature dispose
Disposing Description Basic Living Creature
Disposing Characteristic is alive

 总结：

　　1.java中进行清理时要小心，在清理函数dispose()中数据成员的销毁顺序应该与声明的顺序相反，并且记得要调用基类的清理函数对基类进行清理（采用super.dispose()语句实现）；

　　2.对于字段，与声明的顺序相反进行清理；对于基类，应该首先对其导出类进行清理，然后才是基类（这是因为导出类的清理可能会调用基类中的某些方法，所以需要基类中的构件仍起作用而不应该过早地销毁它们。）

　　3.对象的所有部分都是按照创建的逆序进行销毁。