iOS相机的基本开发

一、设置会话

1、初始化会话枢纽

//创建捕捉会话。AVCaptureSession 是捕捉场景的中心枢纽
self.captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];

/*
 AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh
 AVCaptureSessionPresetMedium
 AVCaptureSessionPresetLow
 AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480
 AVCaptureSessionPreset1280x720
 AVCaptureSessionPresetPhoto
 */
//设置图像的分辨率
self.captureSession.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh;

2、创建视频输入

//设置输入
//拿到默认视频捕捉设备 iOS系统返回后置摄像头
AVCaptureDevice *videoDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];

//将捕捉设备封装成AVCaptureDeviceInput
//注意:为会话添加捕捉设备,必须将设备封装成AVCaptureDeviceInput对象
AVCaptureDeviceInput *videoInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:videoDevice error:error];
    

3、添加到会话中

//判断videoInput是否有效
if (videoInput)
{
    //canAddInput:测试是否能被添加到会话中
    if ([self.captureSession canAddInput:videoInput])
    {
        //将videoInput 添加到 captureSession中
        [self.captureSession addInput:videoInput];
        self.activeVideoInput = videoInput;
    }
}else
{
    return NO;
}

4、创建音频输入

//选择默认音频捕捉设备 即返回一个内置麦克风
AVCaptureDevice *audioDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];

//为这个设备创建一个捕捉设备输入
AVCaptureDeviceInput *audioInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:audioDevice error:error];

5、添加音频输入


//判断audioInput是否有效
if (audioInput) {
    
    //canAddInput:测试是否能被添加到会话中
    if ([self.captureSession canAddInput:audioInput])
    {
        //将audioInput 添加到 captureSession中
        [self.captureSession addInput:audioInput];
    }
}else
{
    return NO;
}

6、设置静态图片输出

//AVCaptureStillImageOutput 实例 从摄像头捕捉静态图片,设置输出(照片/视频文件)
self.imageOutput = [[AVCaptureStillImageOutput alloc] init];

//配置字典:希望捕捉到JPEG格式的图片
self.imageOutput.outputSettings = @{AVVideoCodecKey:AVVideoCodecJPEG};

//输出连接 判断是否可用,可用则添加到输出连接中去
if ([self.captureSession canAddOutput:self.imageOutput])
{
    [self.captureSession addOutput:self.imageOutput];
    
}

7、设置录像输出

//创建一个AVCaptureMovieFileOutput 实例,用于将Quick Time 电影录制到文件系统
self.movieOutput = [[AVCaptureMovieFileOutput alloc]init];

//输出连接 判断是否可用,可用则添加到输出连接中去
if ([self.captureSession canAddOutput:self.movieOutput])
{
    [self.captureSession addOutput:self.movieOutput];
}

// 初始化队列
self.videoQueue = dispatch_queue_create("videoQueue", NULL);

二、开启会话

1、开启会话

//检查是否处于运行状态
if (![self.captureSession isRunning])
{
    //使用同步调用会损耗一定的时间,则用异步的方式处理
    dispatch_async(self.videoQueue, ^{
        [self.captureSession startRunning];
    });
}

2、摄像头处理

2.1 获取指定位置摄像头

AVCaptureDevicePosition

  • AVCaptureDevicePositionUnspecified = 0, // 不支持
  • AVCaptureDevicePositionBack = 1, // 后置
  • AVCaptureDevicePositionFront = 2, // 前置
//寻找指定的摄像头设备
- (AVCaptureDevice *)cameraWithPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)position {
    
    //获取可用视频设备
    NSArray *devicess = [AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
    
    //遍历可用的视频设备 并返回position 参数值
    for (AVCaptureDevice *device in devicess)
    {
        if (device.position == position) {
            return device;
        }
    }
    return nil;
}

2.2 获取当前活跃的摄像头

//当前活跃的设备
- (AVCaptureDevice *)activeCamera {

    //返回当前捕捉会话对应的摄像头的device 属性
    // 这里的 activeVideoInput 是切换前后摄像头时标记的当前使用的输入
    return self.activeVideoInput.device;
}

2.3 获取当前可用摄像头数和未使用的摄像头

//返回当前未激活的摄像头
- (AVCaptureDevice *)inactiveCamera {

    //通过查找当前激活摄像头的反向摄像头获得,如果设备只有1个摄像头,则返回nil
       AVCaptureDevice *device = nil;
      if (self.cameraCount > 1)
      {
          if ([self activeCamera].position == AVCaptureDevicePositionBack) {
               device = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront];
         }else
         {
             device = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionBack];
         }
     }
    return device;
}

//可用视频捕捉设备的数量
- (NSUInteger)cameraCount {

     return [[AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] count];
}

2.4 切换摄像头

//切换摄像头
- (BOOL)switchCameras {

    //判断是否有多个摄像头
    if (![self canSwitchCameras]){
        return NO;
    }
    
    //获取当前设备的反向设备
    NSError *error;
    AVCaptureDevice *videoDevice = [self inactiveCamera];
    
    
    //将输入设备封装成AVCaptureDeviceInput
    AVCaptureDeviceInput *videoInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:videoDevice error:&error];
    
    //判断videoInput 是否为nil
    if (videoInput)
    {
        //标注原配置变化开始
        [self.captureSession beginConfiguration];
        
        //将捕捉会话中,原本的捕捉输入设备移除
        [self.captureSession removeInput:self.activeVideoInput];
        
        //判断新的设备是否能加入
        if ([self.captureSession canAddInput:videoInput])
        {
            //能加入成功,则将videoInput 作为新的视频捕捉设备
            [self.captureSession addInput:videoInput];
            
            //将获得设备 改为 videoInput
            self.activeVideoInput = videoInput;
        }else
        {
            //如果新设备,无法加入。则将原本的视频捕捉设备重新加入到捕捉会话中
            [self.captureSession addInput:self.activeVideoInput];
        }
        
        //配置完成后, AVCaptureSession commitConfiguration 会分批的将所有变更整合在一起。
        [self.captureSession commitConfiguration];
    }else{
        //创建AVCaptureDeviceInput 出现错误,则通知委托来处理该错误
        [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
        return NO;
    }
    
    return YES;
}

3、对焦处理

3.1 是否支持对焦

- (BOOL)cameraSupportsTapToFocus {
        
    //询问激活中的摄像头是否支持兴趣点对焦
    return [[self activeCamera] isFocusPointOfInterestSupported];
}

3.2 设置对焦点

- (void)focusAtPoint:(CGPoint)point {
    
    AVCaptureDevice *device = [self activeCamera];
    
    //是否支持兴趣点对焦 & 是否自动对焦模式
    if (device.isFocusPointOfInterestSupported && [device isFocusModeSupported:AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus]) {
        
        NSError *error;
        //锁定设备准备配置,如果获得了锁
        if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
            
            //将focusPointOfInterest属性设置CGPoint
            device.focusPointOfInterest = point;
            
            //focusMode 设置为AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus
            device.focusMode = AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus;
            
            //释放该锁定
            [device unlockForConfiguration];
        }else{
            //错误时,则返回给错误处理代理
            [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
        }
        
    }
    
}

4、曝光处理

4.1 是否支持曝光

- (BOOL)cameraSupportsTapToExpose {
    
    //询问设备是否支持对一个兴趣点进行曝光
    return [[self activeCamera] isExposurePointOfInterestSupported];
}

4.2 设置曝光

static const NSString *YCameraAdjustingExposureContext;

- (void)exposeAtPoint:(CGPoint)point {

    // 获取当前设备
    AVCaptureDevice *device = [self activeCamera];
    
    // 曝光模式设置为自动曝光
    AVCaptureExposureMode exposureMode =AVCaptureExposureModeContinuousAutoExposure;
    
    //判断是否支持 AVCaptureExposureModeContinuousAutoExposure 模式
    if (device.isExposurePointOfInterestSupported && [device isExposureModeSupported:exposureMode]) {
        
        NSError *error;
        
        //锁定设备准备配置
        if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error])
        {
            //配置期望值
            device.exposurePointOfInterest = point;
            device.exposureMode = exposureMode;
            
            //判断设备是否支持锁定曝光的模式。
            if ([device isExposureModeSupported:AVCaptureExposureModeLocked]) {
                
                //支持,则使用kvo确定设备的adjustingExposure属性的状态。
                [device addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"adjustingExposure" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:&YCameraAdjustingExposureContext];
            }
            
            //释放该锁定
            [device unlockForConfiguration];
            
        }else
        {
            [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
        }
    }
}

// 观察者方法
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context {

    //判断context(上下文)是否为YCameraAdjustingExposureContext
    if (context == &YCameraAdjustingExposureContext) {
        
        //获取device
        AVCaptureDevice *device = (AVCaptureDevice *)object;
        
        //判断设备是否不再调整曝光等级,确认设备的exposureMode是否可以设置为AVCaptureExposureModeLocked
        if(!device.isAdjustingExposure && [device isExposureModeSupported:AVCaptureExposureModeLocked])
        {
            //移除作为adjustingExposure 的self,就不会得到后续变更的通知
            [object removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"adjustingExposure" context:&THCameraAdjustingExposureContext];
            
            //异步方式调回主队列,
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                NSError *error;
                if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
                    
                    //修改exposureMode
                    device.exposureMode = AVCaptureExposureModeLocked;
                    
                    //释放该锁定
                    [device unlockForConfiguration];
                    
                }else
                {
                    [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
                }
            });
        }
        
    }else
    {
        [super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context];
    }
    
    
}

4.3 重置对焦曝光

//重新设置对焦&曝光
- (void)resetFocusAndExposureModes {

    AVCaptureDevice *device = [self activeCamera];
    
    AVCaptureFocusMode focusMode = AVCaptureFocusModeContinuousAutoFocus;
    
    //获取对焦兴趣点 和 连续自动对焦模式 是否被支持
    BOOL canResetFocus = [device isFocusPointOfInterestSupported]&& [device isFocusModeSupported:focusMode];
    
    AVCaptureExposureMode exposureMode = AVCaptureExposureModeContinuousAutoExposure;
    
    //确认曝光度可以被重设
    BOOL canResetExposure = [device isFocusPointOfInterestSupported] && [device isExposureModeSupported:exposureMode];
    
    //捕捉设备空间左上角(0,0),右下角(1,1) 中心点则(0.5,0.5)
    CGPoint centPoint = CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f);
    
    NSError *error;
    
    //锁定设备,准备配置
    if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
        
        //焦点可设,则修改
        if (canResetFocus) {
            device.focusMode = focusMode;
            device.focusPointOfInterest = centPoint;
        }
        
        //曝光度可设,则设置为期望的曝光模式
        if (canResetExposure) {
            device.exposureMode = exposureMode;
            device.exposurePointOfInterest = centPoint;
            
        }
        
        //释放锁定
        [device unlockForConfiguration];
        
    }else
    {
        [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
    }
}

5、闪光灯 & 手电筒

5.1 判断是否有闪光灯

//判断是否有闪光灯
- (BOOL)cameraHasFlash {

    return [[self activeCamera]hasFlash];
}

5.2 闪光灯模式

闪光灯有3种

  • AVCaptureFlashModeOff = 0, // 关闭
  • AVCaptureFlashModeOn = 1, // 打开
  • AVCaptureFlashModeAuto = 2, // 自动
//闪光灯模式
- (AVCaptureFlashMode)flashMode {

    return [[self activeCamera] flashMode];
}

5.3 设置闪光灯模式

//设置闪光灯
- (void)setFlashMode:(AVCaptureFlashMode)flashMode {

    //获取会话
    AVCaptureDevice *device = [self activeCamera];
    
    //判断是否支持闪光灯模式
    if ([device isFlashModeSupported:flashMode]) {
    
        //如果支持,则锁定设备
        NSError *error;
        if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {

            //修改闪光灯模式
            device.flashMode = flashMode;
            //修改完成,解锁释放设备
            [device unlockForConfiguration];
            
        }else
        {
            [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
        }
    }
}

5.4 是否支持手电筒

//是否支持手电筒
- (BOOL)cameraHasTorch {

    return [[self activeCamera] hasTorch];
}

5.5 手电筒模式

手电筒也有3种模式

  • AVCaptureTorchModeOff = 0,
  • AVCaptureTorchModeOn = 1,
  • AVCaptureTorchModeAuto = 2,
//手电筒模式
- (AVCaptureTorchMode)torchMode {

    return [[self activeCamera] torchMode];
}

5.6 设置手电筒模式

//设置是否打开手电筒
- (void)setTorchMode:(AVCaptureTorchMode)torchMode {

    
    AVCaptureDevice *device = [self activeCamera];
    
    if ([device isTorchModeSupported:torchMode]) {
        
        NSError *error;
        if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
            
            device.torchMode = torchMode;
            [device unlockForConfiguration];
        }else
        {
            [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
        }
    }
}

三、拍摄

1、拍摄静态图片

/*
    AVCaptureStillImageOutput 是AVCaptureOutput的子类。用于捕捉图片
 */
- (void)captureStillImage {
    
    //从输出中获取连接
    AVCaptureConnection *connection = [self.imageOutput connectionWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
    
    //程序只支持纵向,但是如果用户横向拍照时,需要调整结果照片的方向
    //判断是否支持设置视频方向
    if (connection.isVideoOrientationSupported) {
        
        //获取方向值
        connection.videoOrientation = [self currentVideoOrientation];
    }
    
       //定义一个handler 块,会返回1个图片的NSData数据
    id handler = ^(CMSampleBufferRef sampleBuffer,NSError *error){
        
        if (sampleBuffer != NULL)
        {
            NSData *imageData = [AVCaptureStillImageOutput jpegStillImageNSDataRepresentation:sampleBuffer];
            UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc]initWithData:imageData];
            
            **** 重点:这里可以将捕捉到的图片传出去
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"NULL sampleBuffer:%@",[error localizedDescription]);
        }
    };
    
    //捕捉静态图片
    [self.imageOutput captureStillImageAsynchronouslyFromConnection:connection completionHandler:handler];
}

//获取方向值
- (AVCaptureVideoOrientation)currentVideoOrientation {
    
    AVCaptureVideoOrientation orientation;
    
    //获取UIDevice 的 orientation
    switch ([UIDevice currentDevice].orientation) {
        case UIDeviceOrientationPortrait:
            orientation = AVCaptureVideoOrientationPortrait;
            break;
        case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight:
            orientation = AVCaptureVideoOrientationLandscapeLeft;
            break;
        case UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown:
            orientation = AVCaptureVideoOrientationPortraitUpsideDown;
            break;
        default:
            orientation = AVCaptureVideoOrientationLandscapeRight;
            break;
    }
    
    return orientation;

    return 0;
}

2、写入媒体库

/*
    Assets Library 框架 
    用来让开发者通过代码方式访问iOS photo
    注意:会访问到相册,需要修改plist 权限。否则会导致项目崩溃
 */

- (void)writeImageToAssetsLibrary:(UIImage *)image {

    //创建ALAssetsLibrary  实例
    ALAssetsLibrary *library = [[ALAssetsLibrary alloc]init];
    
    //参数1:图片(参数为CGImageRef 所以image.CGImage)
    //参数2:方向参数 转为NSUInteger
    //参数3:写入成功、失败处理
    [library writeImageToSavedPhotosAlbum:image.CGImage
                             orientation:(NSUInteger)image.imageOrientation
                         completionBlock:^(NSURL *assetURL, NSError *error) {
                             //成功后,发送捕捉图片通知。用于绘制程序的左下角的缩略图
                             if (!error)
                             {
                                 [self postThumbnailNotifification:image];
                             }else
                             {
                                 //失败打印错误信息
                                 id message = [error localizedDescription];
                                 NSLog(@"%@",message);
                             }
                         }];
}

//发送缩略图通知
- (void)postThumbnailNotifification:(UIImage *)image {
    
    //回到主队列
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        //发送请求
        NSNotificationCenter *nc = [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];
        [nc postNotificationName:THThumbnailCreatedNotification object:image];
    });
}

3、捕捉视频

3.1 判断是否录制中

//判断是否录制状态
- (BOOL)isRecording {
    // movieoutput 为初始化会话时设置的输出
    return self.movieOutput.isRecording;
}

3.2 开始录制

//开始录制
- (void)startRecording {

    if (![self isRecording]) {
        
        //获取当前视频捕捉连接信息,用于捕捉视频数据配置一些核心属性
        AVCaptureConnection * videoConnection = [self.movieOutput connectionWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
        
        //判断是否支持设置videoOrientation 属性。
        if([videoConnection isVideoOrientationSupported])
        {
            //支持则修改当前视频的方向
            videoConnection.videoOrientation = [self currentVideoOrientation];
            
        }
        
        //判断是否支持视频稳定 可以显著提高视频的质量。只会在录制视频文件涉及
        if([videoConnection isVideoStabilizationSupported])
        {
            videoConnection.enablesVideoStabilizationWhenAvailable = YES;
        }
        
        
        AVCaptureDevice *device = [self activeCamera];
        
        //摄像头可以进行平滑对焦模式操作。即减慢摄像头镜头对焦速度。当用户移动拍摄时摄像头会尝试快速自动对焦。
        if (device.isSmoothAutoFocusEnabled) {
            NSError *error;
            if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
                
                device.smoothAutoFocusEnabled = YES;
                [device unlockForConfiguration];
            }else
            {
                [self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
            }
        }
        
        //查找写入捕捉视频的唯一文件系统URL.
        self.outputURL = [self uniqueURL];
        
        //在捕捉输出上调用方法 参数1:录制保存路径  参数2:代理
        [self.movieOutput startRecordingToOutputFileURL:self.outputURL recordingDelegate:self];
        
    }
}

- (CMTime)recordedDuration {
    
    return self.movieOutput.recordedDuration;
}

- (NSURL *)uniqueURL {

    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    
    //temporaryDirectoryWithTemplateString  可以将文件写入的目的创建一个唯一命名的目录;
    NSString *dirPath = [fileManager temporaryDirectoryWithTemplateString:@"kamera.XXXXXX"];
    
    if (dirPath) {
        
        NSString *filePath = [dirPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"kamera_movie.mov"];
        return  [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath];
        
    }
    
    return nil;
}

3.3 结束录制

//停止录制
- (void)stopRecording {

    //是否正在录制
    if ([self isRecording]) {
        [self.movieOutput stopRecording];
    }
}

3.4 录制结束回调

- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureFileOutput *)captureOutput
didFinishRecordingToOutputFileAtURL:(NSURL *)outputFileURL
      fromConnections:(NSArray *)connections
                error:(NSError *)error {

    //错误
    if (error) {
        [self.delegate mediaCaptureFailedWithError:error];
    }else
    {
        //写入
        [self writeVideoToAssetsLibrary:[self.outputURL copy]];
        
    }
    
    self.outputURL = nil;
}

3.5 将视频写入媒体库

//写入捕捉到的视频
- (void)writeVideoToAssetsLibrary:(NSURL *)videoURL {
    
    //ALAssetsLibrary 实例 提供写入视频的接口
    ALAssetsLibrary *library = [[ALAssetsLibrary alloc]init];
    
    //写资源库写入前,检查视频是否可被写入 (写入前尽量养成判断的习惯)
    if ([library videoAtPathIsCompatibleWithSavedPhotosAlbum:videoURL]) {
        
        //创建block块
        ALAssetsLibraryWriteVideoCompletionBlock completionBlock;
        completionBlock = ^(NSURL *assetURL,NSError *error)
        {
            if (error) {
                
                [self.delegate assetLibraryWriteFailedWithError:error];
            }else
            {
                //用于界面展示视频缩略图
                [self generateThumbnailForVideoAtURL:videoURL];
            }
            
        };
        
        //执行实际写入资源库的动作
        [library writeVideoAtPathToSavedPhotosAlbum:videoURL completionBlock:completionBlock];
    }
}

3.6 制作视频缩略图

//获取视频左下角缩略图
- (void)generateThumbnailForVideoAtURL:(NSURL *)videoURL {

    //在videoQueue 上,
    dispatch_async(self.videoQueue, ^{
        
        //建立新的AVAsset & AVAssetImageGenerator
        AVAsset *asset = [AVAsset assetWithURL:videoURL];
        
        AVAssetImageGenerator *imageGenerator = [AVAssetImageGenerator assetImageGeneratorWithAsset:asset];
        
        //设置maximumSize 宽为100,高为0 根据视频的宽高比来计算图片的高度
        imageGenerator.maximumSize = CGSizeMake(100.0f, 0.0f);
        
        //捕捉视频缩略图会考虑视频的变化(如视频的方向变化),如果不设置,缩略图的方向可能出错
        imageGenerator.appliesPreferredTrackTransform = YES;
        
        //获取CGImageRef图片 注意需要自己管理它的创建和释放
        CGImageRef imageRef = [imageGenerator copyCGImageAtTime:kCMTimeZero actualTime:NULL error:nil];
        
        //将图片转化为UIImage
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef];
        
        //释放CGImageRef imageRef 防止内存泄漏
        CGImageRelease(imageRef);
        
        //回到主线程
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            
            //发送通知,传递最新的image
            [self postThumbnailNotifification:image];
            
        });
        
    });
}

四、QuckTime相关描述

正常情况下,我们视频内容的头信息处在文件的开始位置,这样可以让视频播放器快速读取头包含的信息,来确定文件的内容、结构和其他的样本位置

但我们使用AVCaptureMovieFileOutput录制视频时,视频信息是实时写入文件的,只有在结束视频之后才可以准确的知道头信息。

像这样:

发布了的视频信息

  视频头 + 视频的元数据
  
实时录制的视频

  视频的元数据 + 视频头

这样存在一个问题就是如果录制中被中断,视频头信息没有完全写入文件,将无法准确读取视频信息。

AVCaptureMovieFileOutput的提供的核心功能是分段捕捉QuickTime影片

即:

头 + 数据 + 片段 + 数据 + 片段 + 数据 + 片段

默认情况下,系统每10s写入一个片段,片段写入后更新完整的头信息。

我们可以使用movieFragmentInterval属性来修改片段的时间间隔。

posted @ 2020-11-19 11:35  absty_guo  阅读(1675)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报