Django--多数据库
1.设置多数据库
settings.py中有数据库的相关设置,有一个默认的数据库 default,我们可以再加一些其它的,比如:
# Database # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), }, 'db1': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'dbname1', 'USER': 'your_db_user_name', 'PASSWORD': 'yourpassword', "HOST": "localhost", }, 'db2': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'dbname2', 'USER': 'your_db_user_name', 'PASSWORD': 'yourpassword', "HOST": "localhost", }, } # use multi-database in django DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['project_name.database_router.DatabaseAppsRouter'] DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = { # example: #'app_name':'database_name', 'app1': 'db1', 'app2': 'db2', }
在project_name文件夹中存放 database_router.py 文件,内容如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.conf import settings DATABASE_MAPPING = settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING class DatabaseAppsRouter(object): """ A router to control all database operations on models for different databases. In case an app is not set in settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING, the router will fallback to the `default` database. Settings example: DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {'app1': 'db1', 'app2': 'db2'} """ def db_for_read(self, model, **hints): """"Point all read operations to the specific database.""" if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label] return None def db_for_write(self, model, **hints): """Point all write operations to the specific database.""" if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label] return None def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints): """Allow any relation between apps that use the same database.""" db_obj1 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj1._meta.app_label) db_obj2 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj2._meta.app_label) if db_obj1 and db_obj2: if db_obj1 == db_obj2: return True else: return False return None # Django 1.7 - Django 1.11 def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model_name=None, **hints): print db, app_label, model_name, hints if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values(): return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return False return None
2.使用指定的数据库来执行操作
在查询的语句后面用 using(dbname) 来指定要操作的数据库即可
# 查询 YourModel.objects.using('db1').all() 或者 YourModel.objects.using('db2').all() # 保存 或 删除 user_obj.save(using='new_users') user_obj.delete(using='legacy_users')
3.多个数据库联用时数据导入导出
使用的时候和一个数据库的区别是:
如果不是defalut(默认数据库)要在命令后边加 --database=数据库对应的settings.py中的名称 如: --database=db1 或 --database=db2
数据库同步(创建表)
# 同步数据库 db1 (注意:不是数据库名是db1,是settings.py中的那个db1,不过你可以使这两个名称相同,容易使用)
# Django 1.7 及以上版本
python manage.py migrate --database=db1
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数据导出
python manage.py dumpdata app1 --database=db1 > app1_fixture.json
python manage.py dumpdata app2 --database=db2 > app2_fixture.json
python manage.py dumpdata auth > auth_fixture.json
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数据库导入
python manage.py loaddata app1_fixture.json --database=db1
python manage.py loaddata app2_fixture.json --database=db2
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