Linux基础2.1
1.用vmware添加一块10G的硬盘，且永久挂载到/data01中，写出详细的步骤
partprobe # centos5 系列重读分区 partprobe /dev/sdb partx -a /dev/sdb # 之后系列重读 # fdisk 只能用于2T以下磁盘分区 # parted 用于2T以上磁盘分区
[root@luffycity ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：
n：创建新分区
d：删除已有分区
t：修改分区类型
l：查看所有已经ID
w：保存并退出
q：不保存并退出
m：查看帮助信息
p：显示现有分区信息
[root@01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc5 [root@01 ~]# mount /dev/sdc5 /mnt/ [root@01 ~]# [root@01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda3 20G 2.2G 17G 12% / /dev/sda1 197M 110M 88M 56% /boot tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sdc5 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /mnt
[root@01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2 [root@01 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/ [root@01 ~]# [root@01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda3 20G 2.2G 17G 12% / /dev/sda1 197M 110M 88M 56% /boot tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sdb2 8.9G 33M 8.9G 1% /mnt
2.用自己语言描述raid0和raid1的区别
RAID 0: 将两个或以上相同信号，容量的硬盘组合，磁盘阵列的总容量是多个硬盘的总和，数据依次写 入物理磁盘，理想状态下，硬盘读写性能会翻倍。但只要坏一块磁盘，所有数据都会损坏 优点：速度快 缺点：冗余差 RAID 1: RAID 1 技术，是将两块以上硬盘绑定，数据写入时，同时写入多个硬盘，因此即使有硬盘故障，也有数据备份。 优点：冗余性好 缺点：太浪费资源了
3.sed删除文件的空白和注释行
[root@01 ~]# sed -e '/^$/d' -e '/^#.*/d' 1.txt 1rootasdasdasdasd1 111asdasdasdasd w4 asdasd [root@01 ~]# cat 1.txt 1rootasdasdasdasd1 111asdasdasdasd w4 #w5 asdasd # asdads
4.使用awk删除文件chaoge.txt空白行
[root@01 ~]# awk '!/^$/{print $0}' 1.txt
1rootasdasdasdasd1
111asdasdasdasd
w4
#w5
asdasd
# asdads
5.把命令echo "I am oldboy" 的结果写入"黑洞文件中"，且命令的标准错误输出，也当做标准输出处理
[root@01 ~]# echo "I am Machine" >>/dev/null 2>&1
6.利用{}符号备份/etc/hosts文件
[root@01 ~]# cp /etc/hosts{,.bak}
[root@01 ~]# ll /etc/host
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.bak hosts.deny
7.过滤掉文件chaoge.txt的注释和空白行
[root@01 ~]# grep -Ev '(^$|^#)' 1.txt 1rootasdasdasdasd1 111asdasdasdasd w4 asdasd -bash: ech: command not found I am Machine
8.找出除了小写字母以外的字符，文本如下chaoge.txt I am oldboy teacher I teach linux. I like python. My qq is 877348180. My name is chaoge. My website is http://pythonav.cn
[root@01 ~]# grep -o '[^a-z]' chaoge.txt
9.使用sed输出文件chaoge.txt的2-5行内容
[root@01 ~]# cat chaoge.txt I am oldboy teacher I teach linux. I like python. My qq is 877348180. My name is chaoge. My website is http://pythonav.cn [root@01 ~]# sed -n '2,5p' chaoge.txt I like python. My qq is 877348180. My name is chaoge. My website is http://pythonav.cn
10.使用sed删除含有game字符的行,chaoge.txt
[root@01 ~]# cat chaoge.txt I am oldboy teacher I teach linux. I like python. My qq is 877348180. My name is chaoge. My website is http://pythonav.cn I like playing computer games. I will develop a computer game. [root@01 ~]# sed '/game/d' chaoge.txt I am oldboy teacher I teach linux. I like python. My qq is 877348180. My name is chaoge. My website is http://pythonav.cn [root@01 ~]# sed '/\<game\>/d' chaoge.txt # 精确匹配 I am oldboy teacher I teach linux. I like python. My qq is 877348180. My name is chaoge. My website is http://pythonav.cn I like playing computer games.
11.使用sed替换文件chaoge.txt中，替换所有My为His，同时换掉QQ号为8888888 My name is chaoge. I teach linux. I like play computer game. My qq is 877348180. My website is http://pythonav.cn.
[root@01 ~]# sed 's/I/His/g' chaoge.txt | sed 's/877348180/8888888/g' His am oldboy teacher His teach linux. His like python. My qq is 8888888. My name is chaoge. My website is http://pythonav.cn His like playing computer games. His will develop a computer game.
12.用sed取出ip地址
[root@01 ~]# ifconfig ens33 | sed -nE '2s/.*inet.([0-9.]*).*netmask.*/\1/gp' 192.168.207.128
13.用awk显示/etc/passwd文件的第一列，倒数第二列，以冒号分割。
[root@01 ~]# awk -F ':' '{print $1,$(NF-1)}' /etc/passwd
root /root
bin /bin
daemon /sbin
adm /var/adm
lp /var/spool/lpd
sync /sbin
14.用awk取出ip地址
[root@01 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |awk 'NR==2{print $2}'
192.168.207.128
15.用awk找出/etc/passwd文件中禁止登录的用户
[root@01 ~]# awk -F ':' '$(NF)~/\/sbin\/nologin/{print $1}' /etc/passwd
bin
daemon
adm
lp
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
systemd-network
dbus
polkitd
tss
abrt
sshd
postfix
chrony
nginx
