Linguistics-English-区分 that Vs. which + 定语(refine限定主句)从句 Vs. 同位语(expand扩展补充主句)从句

英语的“语法”适配“含义”

英语是一门语言，有丰富的含义；
“语法结构” 是与 “含义”适配使用的，而不只是背语法规则；

that(那一个/那些) Vs. which(哪一个/哪些)

that: 那些/那一个；有侧重 从句意思；
which：哪些/哪一个；有强调“which ”代指的“哪些/哪一个”意思。

• 非限定性的定语从句中，不用that;
• 能确定/限定“只有一个”时，只能用that ;
• 有“多个可选”时，that 与 which 都可用；

例如：

• He told me the truth that you don't know ✔
• He told me the truth which you don't know ✔

But,

• He told me the only truth that you don't know ✔
• He told me the only truth which you don't know ✘

定语(refine)从句 与 同位语(expand)从句

1. He told me the truth that you don't know.
   that 从句“you don't know”, 是对“truth”的refine(修饰限定精练信息)；
   “you don't know ”是对“truth”的“修饰限定”，
   因此，是作为“定语从句”；

2. He told me the truth that you're a teacher.
   that 从句“you are a teacher”, 是对“truth”的expand(进一步补充与扩展信息)；
   而且 “you are a teacher”与 “truth ”同等的，
   因此，是作为“同位语从句”；