Linguistics-English-区分 that Vs. which + 定语(refine限定主句)从句 Vs. 同位语(expand扩展补充主句)从句
英语的“语法”适配“含义”
英语是一门语言,有丰富的含义;
“语法结构” 是与 “含义”适配使用的,而不只是背语法规则;
that(那一个/那些) Vs. which(哪一个/哪些)
that: 那些/那一个;有侧重 从句意思;
which:哪些/哪一个;有强调“which ”代指的“哪些/哪一个”意思。
- 非限定性的定语从句中,不用that;
- 能确定/限定“只有一个”时,只能用that ;
- 有“多个可选”时,that 与 which 都可用;
例如:
- He told me the truth that you don't know ✔
- He told me the truth which you don't know ✔
But,
- He told me the only truth that you don't know ✔
- He told me the only truth which you don't know ✘
定语(refine)从句 与 同位语(expand)从句
-
He told me the truth that you don't know.
that 从句“you don't know”, 是对“truth”的refine(修饰限定精练信息);
“you don't know ”是对“truth”的“修饰限定”,
因此,是作为“定语从句”; -
He told me the truth that you're a teacher.
that 从句“you are a teacher”, 是对“truth”的expand(进一步补充与扩展信息);
而且 “you are a teacher”与 “truth ”同等的,
因此,是作为“同位语从句”;
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