二进制安装kubernetes v1.11.2 (第十三章 kubelet部署)

继续前一章的部署。

十三、kubelet 部署

kubelet 运行在 node 节点上,接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求,管理pod容器,执行交互式命令,如exec、run、logs等。

kubelet 启动时向 kube-apiserver 注册信息,内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况。

为确保安全,本文档只开启接收 https请求的安全端口,对请求进行认证和授权,拒绝未授权的访问(比如apiserver、heapster)。

13.1 下载和分发二进制文件,参考 第三章

分发到各节点

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_name}"
    scp k8s/v1.11.2/server/kubernetes/server/bin/{kube-proxy,kubelet} k8s@${node_name}:/opt/k8s/bin/
    ssh k8s@${node_name} "chmod 755 /opt/k8s/bin/{kube-proxy,kubelet}"
done

 

13.2  安装依赖包,参考 第十一章

13.3 创建 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 文件


source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh

for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
    echo ">>> ${node_name}"

    # 创建 token
    export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create \
      --description kubelet-bootstrap-token \
      --groups system:bootstrappers:${node_name} \
      --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)

    # 设置集群参数
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
      --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      --embed-certs=true \
      --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
      --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig

    # 设置客户端认证参数
    kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
      --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
      --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig

    # 设置上下文参数
    kubectl config set-context default \
      --cluster=kubernetes \
      --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
      --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig

    # 设置默认上下文
    kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
  done
  • 证书中写入 token 而非证书,证书后续由 controller-manager 创建

查看 kubeadm 为各节点创建的token:

[k8s@k8s-m1 ~]$ kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
TOKEN                     TTL       EXPIRES                     USAGES                   DESCRIPTION               EXTRA GROUPS
7lvdb6.afnskmo3ei3spwcm   23h       2018-11-02T14:55:32+08:00   authentication,signing   kubelet-bootstrap-token   system:bootstrappers:k8s-m1

fgzg0j.moacwq8c71gchq9d   23h       2018-11-02T14:55:33+08:00   authentication,signing   kubelet-bootstrap-token   system:bootstrappers:k8s-n2

n5sq59.2c3zgwyzukrxg9qm   23h       2018-11-02T14:55:32+08:00   authentication,signing   kubelet-bootstrap-token   system:bootstrappers:k8s-n1

ncgv6p.6eitzxvw2hrivbsz   23h       2018-11-02T14:55:32+08:00   authentication,signing   kubelet-bootstrap-token   system:bootstrappers:k8s-m2
  • 创建的 token 有效期为1天,超气候将不能再被使用,且会被 kube-controller 的tokencleaner 清理(如果启用该 controller )的话
  • kube-apiserver 接收 kubelet 的 bootstrap token 后,将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap; group 设置为 system:bootstrappers

各 token 关联的 secret:

kubectl get secrets  -n kube-system

分发 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件到所有 node 节点

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_name}"
    scp kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig k8s@${node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
done

13.4 创建和分发 kubelet 参数配置文件

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubelet.config.json.template <<EOF
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "##NODE_IP##",
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 0,
  "cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs",
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "featureGates": {
    "RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
    "RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
  },
  "clusterDomain": "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}",
  "clusterDNS": ["${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"]
}
EOF
  • address:API 监听地址,不能为 127.0.0.1,否则 kube-apiserver、heapster 等不能调用 kubelet 的 API;
  • readOnlyPort=0:关闭只读端口(默认 10255),等效为未指定;
  • authentication.anonymous.enabled:设置为 false,不允许匿名�访问 10250 端口;
  • authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书,开启 HTTP 证书认证;
  • authentication.webhook.enabled=true:开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证;
  • 对于未通过 x509 证书和 webhook 认证的请求(kube-apiserver 或其他客户端),将被拒绝,提示 Unauthorized;
  • authroization.mode=Webhook:kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 查询 kube-apiserver 某 user、group 是否具有操作资源的权限(RBAC);
  • featureGates.RotateKubeletClientCertificate、featureGates.RotateKubeletServerCertificate:自动 rotate 证书,证书的有效期取决于 kube-controller-manager 的 --experimental-cluster-signing-duration 参数;
  • 需要 root 账户运行;

为各节点创建和分发 kubelet 配置文件:

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do 
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    sed -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${node_ip}/" kubelet.config.json.template > kubelet.config-${node_ip}.json
    scp kubelet.config-${node_ip}.json root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.config.json
done

13.5 创建和分发 kubelet systemd unit 文件

cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \\
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
  --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \\
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.config.json \\
  --hostname-override=##NODE_NAME## \\
  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest \\
  --allow-privileged=true \\
  --alsologtostderr=true \\
  --logtostderr=false \\
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
  • 如果设置了 --hostname-override 选项,则 kube-proxy 也需要设置该选项,否则会出现找不到 Node 的情况;
  • --bootstrap-kubeconfig:指向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件,kubelet 使用该文件中的用户名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求;
  • K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 请求后,在 --cert-dir 目录创建证书和私钥文件,然后写入 --kubeconfig 文件;

为各节点创建和分发 kubelet systemd unit 文件

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
  do 
    echo ">>> ${node_name}"
    sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${node_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${node_name}.service
    scp kubelet-${node_name}.service root@${node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
done

13.6 bootstrap token auth 和授予权限

kubelet 启动时查找配置的 --kubeletconfig 文件是否存在,如果不存在则使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求(CSR)

kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后,对其中的 Token 进行认证(事先使用 kubeadm 创建的 token ),认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap, group 设置为 system:bootstrappers, 这一过程称为 Bootstrap Token Auth

默认情况下,这个 user 和 group 没有创建 CSR 的权限, kubelet 启动失败,错误日志如下:

$ sudo journalctl -u kubelet -a |grep -A 2 'certificatesigningrequests'
May 06 06:42:36 kube-node1 kubelet[26986]: F0506 06:42:36.314378   26986 server.go:233] failed to run Kubelet: cannot create certificate signing request: certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io is forbidden: User "system:bootstrap:lemy40" cannot create certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io at the cluster scope
May 06 06:42:36 kube-node1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=255/n/a
May 06 06:42:36 kube-node1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

解决办法是:创建一个 clusterrolebinding, 将 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrape 绑定

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers

 

13.7 启动 kubelet 服务

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
done
  • 关闭 swap 分区,否则 kubelet 会启动失败
  • 必须创建工作和日志目录
  • 查看日志: journalctl -u kubelet |tail

kubelet 启动后,使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求,当这个 CSR 被 approve 后,kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和 --kubeletconfig 文件。

注意: kube-controller-manager 需要配置 --cluster-signing-cert-file 和 --cluster-signing-key-file 参数,才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。

[k8s@k8s-m1 ~]$ kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
node-csr-aou6js9kpfqLw9Ap5PhEuVcOicXtlNuKhjqneAsJR3w   24m       system:bootstrap:ncgv6p   Pending
node-csr-x8IqY1rLVCgG9uXwzQUI1pgyi6AJLH3pUba0ftSKYAk   24m       system:bootstrap:7lvdb6   Pending
[k8s@k8s-m1 ~]$ kubectl get nodes
No resources found.
[k8s@k8s-m1 ~]$ 
  • 两个node的 csr 均处于 pending 状态,另外两台token不正确,还没加入进来(后查询原因是没有关闭swap)

13.8 approve kubelet csr 请求

可以通过手动和自动两种方式 approve csr 请求,推荐使用自动的方式。从1.8版本后,可以自动approve csr请求,生成证书。

 手动 approve csr 请求

# 查看 csr 请求
[root@k8s-m1 node2]# kubectl get csr 
NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
node-csr-3fwI6KAvaCo7woy_BNmqXuqalmpP1X7ck7qUpKKxOPI   10s       system:bootstrap:00h95y   Pending

# approve csr
[root@k8s-m1 node2]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-3fwI6KAvaCo7woy_BNmqXuqalmpP1X7ck7qUpKKxOPI
NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
node-csr-3fwI6KAvaCo7woy_BNmqXuqalmpP1X7ck7qUpKKxOPI   2m        system:bootstrap:00h95y   Approved,Issued

# 查看 approve 结果
[root@k8s-m1 node2]# kubectl describe csr node-csr-3fwI6KAvaCo7woy_BNmqXuqalmpP1X7ck7qUpKKxOPI
Name:               node-csr-3fwI6KAvaCo7woy_BNmqXuqalmpP1X7ck7qUpKKxOPI
Labels:             <none>
Annotations:        <none>
CreationTimestamp:  Tue, 06 Nov 2018 16:03:45 +0800
Requesting User:    system:bootstrap:00h95y
Status:             Approved,Issued
Subject:
         Common Name:    system:node:k8s-m1
         Serial Number:  
         Organization:   system:nodes
Events:  <none>
  • Requesting User:请求 CSR 的用户,kube-apiserver 对它进行认证和授权;
  • Subject:请求签名的证书信息;
  • 证书的 CN 是 system:node:k8s-m1, Organization 是 system:nodes,kube-apiserver 的 Node 授权模式会授予该证书的相关权限;

approve csr 后,kube-controller-manager 为各 node 生成了 kubeconfig 文件和公私钥

[root@k8s-m1 template]#  ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
-rw------- 1 root root 2309 Nov  6 16:04 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig

[root@k8s-m1 template]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet*
-rw------- 1 root root 1269 Nov  6 16:04 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-2018-11-06-16-04-09.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   59 Nov  6 16:04 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-2018-11-06-16-04-09.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2153 Nov  6 15:33 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet.crt
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Nov  6 15:33 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet.key

 

自动 approve csr 请求

cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
 # Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
   name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
 subjects:
 - kind: Group
   name: system:bootstrappers
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 roleRef:
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
   name: node-client-cert-renewal
 subjects:
 - kind: Group
   name: system:nodes
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 roleRef:
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
# serving cert matching its client cert.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
rules:
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
  verbs: ["create"]
---
 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
   name: node-server-cert-renewal
 subjects:
 - kind: Group
   name: system:nodes
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 roleRef:
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF
  • auto-approve-csrs-for-group:自动 approve node 的第一次 CSR; 注意第一次 CSR 时,请求的 Group 为 system:bootstrappers;
  • node-client-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 client 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;
  • node-server-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 server 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;
  • 使用自动 approve csr 方式后,kubelet server 证书会周期轮转

生成配置:

kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml

 

 

---

启动 kubelet 时,需要关闭swap

posted on 2018-11-06 16:28  冰冰爱学习  阅读(457)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

导航