二进制安装kubernetes v1.11.2 (第八章 kube-apiserver 部署)

继续上一章部署。

八、部署kube-apiserver组件

使用第七章的haproxy和keepalived部署的高可用集群提供的VIP:${MASTER_VIP}

8.1 下载二进制文件,参考 第三章 

8.2 创建 kubernetes 证书和私钥

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.56.20",
    "192.168.56.20",
    "${MASTER_VIP}",
    "${CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP}",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "4Paradigm"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
  • host 字段指定授权使用该证书的IP或者域名列表,这里列出了 VIP、apiserver节点IP,kubernetes服务IP和域名
  • 域名最后不能是 . (如不能是kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.),否则解析失败,提示 x509: cannot parse dnsName "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local."
  • 如果使用非 cluster.local 域名,,如 xxx.com,则需要修改域名列表中的最后两个域名为:kubernetes.default.svc.xxx、kubernetes.default.svc.xxx.com
  • kubernetes服务IP是apiserver自动创建的,一般是 -service-cluster-ip-range 参数指定的网段的第一个IP,后续可以通过如下命令获取:
$ kubectl get svc kubernetes
NAME         CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   10.254.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   1d

8.3 生成证书和私钥

cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
  -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
  -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
ls kubernetes*pem

8.4 将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到master节点

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert/ && sudo chown -R k8s /etc/kubernetes/cert/"
    scp kubernetes*.pem k8s@${master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done

8.5 创建加密配置文件

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
  - resources:
      - secrets
    providers:
      - aescbc:
          keys:
            - name: key1
              secret: ${ENCRYPTION_KEY}
      - identity: {}
EOF

8.6 将加密配置文件拷贝到 master 节点的 /etc/kubernetes 目录下

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    scp encryption-config.yaml root@${master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done

替换后的加密配置文件:

[root@k8s-m1 cert]# more encryption-config.yaml 
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
  - resources:
      - secrets
    providers:
      - aescbc:
          keys:
            - name: key1
              secret: V8NUF8gATb1bZmBke9NRVw33JHt3elTDfNoIi0uhOFI=
      - identity: {}

8.7 创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 模板文件

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-apiserver.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-apiserver \\
  --enable-admission-plugins=Initializers,NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \\
  --anonymous-auth=false \\
  --experimental-encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
  --advertise-address=##NODE_IP## \\
  --bind-address=##NODE_IP## \\
  --insecure-port=0 \\
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
  --runtime-config=api/all \\
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
  --service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
  --service-node-port-range=${NODE_PORT_RANGE} \\
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
  --etcd-servers=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \\
  --allow-privileged=true \\
  --apiserver-count=2 \\
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \\
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \\
  --event-ttl=1h \\
  --alsologtostderr=true \\
  --logtostderr=false \\
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
User=k8s
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
  • --experimental-encryption-provider-config:启用加密特性
  • --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC: 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式,拒绝未授权的请求
  • --enable-admission-plugins:启用 ServiceAccount 和 NodeRestriction
  • --service-account-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件,kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 指定私钥文件,两者配对使用
  • --tls-*-file:指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件。--client-ca-file 用于验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书
  • --kubelet-client-certificate、--kubelet-client-key:如果指定,则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs;需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes*.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则,否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权
  • --bind-address: 不能为 127.0.0.1,否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443
  • --insecure-port=0:关闭监听非安全端口(8080)
  • --service-cluster-ip-range: 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段
  • --service-node-port-range: 指定 NodePort 的端口范围
  • --runtime-config=api/all=true: 启用所有版本的 APIs,如 autoscaling/v2alpha1
  • --enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证
  • --apiserver-count=3:指定集群运行模式,多台 kube-apiserver 会通过 leader 选举产生一个工作节点,其它节点处于阻塞状态
  • User=k8s:使用 k8s 账户运行

 

8.8 为各节点创建和分发 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件

替换模板中的变量,生成各master节点的 systemd unit 文件

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ ))
  do
    sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-apiserver.service.template > kube-apiserver-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service 
done
ls kube-apiserver*.service

8.9 分发生成的 systemd unit 文件

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
    scp kube-apiserver-${master_ip}.service root@${master_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
done
  • 需要先创建日志目录
  • 分发后,文件重命名为 kube-apiserver.service

 8.10 启动kube-apiserver 服务

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl restart kube-apiserver"
done

8.11 检查 kube-apiserver 运行状态

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl status kube-apiserver |grep 'Active:'"
done

确保服务状态为 Active: active (running)

查看日志的方法:journalctl -u kube-apiserver

8.12 打印 kube-apiserver 写入 etcd 数据

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
    --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
    --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
    --cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
    --key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \
    get /registry/ --prefix --keys-only

8.13 检查集群信息

 

[root@k8s-m1 template]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.56.6:8443

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
[root@k8s-m1 template]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE   NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
default     service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.254.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   9m
[root@k8s-m1 template]# kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME                 STATUS      MESSAGE                                                                                     ERROR
controller-manager   Unhealthy   Get http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused   
scheduler            Unhealthy   Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused   
etcd-0               Healthy     {"health":"true"}                                                                           
etcd-1               Healthy     {"health":"true"}  

8.14 如果执行 kubectl 命令式时输出如下错误信息,则说明使用的 ~/.kube/config 文件不对,请切换到正确的账户后再执行该命令:

The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

8.15 执行 kubectl get componentstatuses 命令时,apiserver 默认向 127.0.0.1 发送请求。当 controller-manager、scheduler 以集群模式运行时,有可能和 kube-apiserver 不在一台机器上,这时 controller-manager 或 scheduler 的状态为 Unhealthy,但实际上它们工作正常

8.16 检查 kube-apiserver 监听的端口

[root@k8s-m1 template]# sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube
tcp        0      0 192.168.56.20:6443      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9918/kube-apiserver 
  • 6443  接收 https 请求的安全端口,对所有请求做认证和授权
  • 由于关闭了非安全端口,所以没有监听8080

8.17 授予 kubernetes 证书访问 kubelet API 的权限

在执行 kubectl exec、run、logs 等命令时,apiserver 会转发到 kubelet,这里定义RBAC规则

[root@k8s-m1 template]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis created

 

posted on 2018-10-25 14:02  冰冰爱学习  阅读(1448)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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