RabbitMQ—Routing路由模式
一、模式说明
1.路由模式特点:
- 队列与交换机的绑定,不能是任意绑定了,而是要指定一个 RoutingKey (路由key)
- 消息的发送方在 向 Exchange发送消息时,也必须指定消息的 RoutingKey 。
- Exchange不再把消息交给每一个绑定的队列,而是根据消息的 Routing Key 进行判断,只有队列的
- Routingkey 与消息的 Routing key 完全一致,才会接收到消息
图解:
P:生产者,向Exchange发送消息,发送消息时,会指定一个routing key。
X:Exchange(交换机),接收生产者的消息,然后把消息递交给 与routing key完全匹配的队列
C1:消费者,其所在队列指定了需要routing key 为 error 的消息
C2:消费者,其所在队列指定了需要routing key 为 info、error、warning 的消息
二、示例
1.Producer_Routing
1 /** 2 * 发送消息 3 */ 4 public class Producer_Routing { 5 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 6 7 //1.创建连接工厂 8 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); 9 //2. 设置参数 10 factory.setHost("172.16.98.133");//ip 默认值 localhost 11 factory.setPort(5672); //端口 默认值 5672 12 factory.setVirtualHost("/itcast");//虚拟机 默认值/ 13 factory.setUsername("jingdong");//用户名 默认 guest 14 factory.setPassword("jingdong");//密码 默认值 guest 15 //3. 创建连接 Connection 16 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); 17 //4. 创建Channel 18 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); 19 /* 20 21 exchangeDeclare(String exchange, BuiltinExchangeType type, boolean durable, boolean autoDelete, boolean internal, Map<String, Object> arguments) 22 参数: 23 1. exchange:交换机名称 24 2. type:交换机类型 25 DIRECT("direct"),:定向 26 FANOUT("fanout"),:扇形(广播),发送消息到每一个与之绑定队列。 27 TOPIC("topic"),通配符的方式 28 HEADERS("headers");参数匹配 29 30 3. durable:是否持久化 31 4. autoDelete:自动删除 32 5. internal:内部使用。 一般false 33 6. arguments:参数 34 */ 35 36 String exchangeName = "test_direct"; 37 //5. 创建交换机 38 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT,true,false,false,null); 39 //6. 创建队列 40 String queue1Name = "test_direct_queue1"; 41 String queue2Name = "test_direct_queue2"; 42 43 channel.queueDeclare(queue1Name,true,false,false,null); 44 channel.queueDeclare(queue2Name,true,false,false,null); 45 //7. 绑定队列和交换机 46 /* 47 queueBind(String queue, String exchange, String routingKey) 48 参数: 49 1. queue:队列名称 50 2. exchange:交换机名称 51 3. routingKey:路由键,绑定规则 52 如果交换机的类型为fanout ,routingKey设置为"" 53 */ 54 //队列1绑定 error 55 channel.queueBind(queue1Name,exchangeName,"error"); 56 //队列2绑定 info error warning 57 channel.queueBind(queue2Name,exchangeName,"info"); 58 channel.queueBind(queue2Name,exchangeName,"error"); 59 channel.queueBind(queue2Name,exchangeName,"warning"); 60 61 String body = "日志信息:张三调用了delete方法...出错误了。。。日志级别:error..."; 62 //8. 发送消息 63 channel.basicPublish(exchangeName,"warning",null,body.getBytes()); 64 65 //9. 释放资源 66 channel.close(); 67 connection.close(); 68 69 } 70 }
2.
(1)Consumer_Routing1
1 public class Consumer_PubSub2 { 2 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 3 4 //1.创建连接工厂 5 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); 6 //2. 设置参数 7 factory.setHost("172.16.98.133");//ip 默认值 localhost 8 factory.setPort(5672); //端口 默认值 5672 9 factory.setVirtualHost("/itcast");//虚拟机 默认值/ 10 factory.setUsername("jingdong");//用户名 默认 guest 11 factory.setPassword("jingdong");//密码 默认值 guest 12 //3. 创建连接 Connection 13 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); 14 //4. 创建Channel 15 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); 16 17 18 String queue1Name = "test_fanout_queue1"; 19 String queue2Name = "test_fanout_queue2"; 20 21 22 /* 23 basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback) 24 参数: 25 1. queue:队列名称 26 2. autoAck:是否自动确认 27 3. callback:回调对象 28 29 */ 30 // 接收消息 31 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ 32 /* 33 回调方法,当收到消息后,会自动执行该方法 34 35 1. consumerTag:标识 36 2. envelope:获取一些信息,交换机,路由key... 37 3. properties:配置信息 38 4. body:数据 39 40 */ 41 @Override 42 public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 43 /* System.out.println("consumerTag:"+consumerTag); 44 System.out.println("Exchange:"+envelope.getExchange()); 45 System.out.println("RoutingKey:"+envelope.getRoutingKey()); 46 System.out.println("properties:"+properties);*/ 47 System.out.println("body:"+new String(body)); 48 System.out.println("将日志信息保存数据库....."); 49 } 50 }; 51 channel.basicConsume(queue2Name,true,consumer); 52 53 54 //关闭资源?不要 55 56 } 57 }
(2)Consumer_Routing2
1 public class Consumer_Routing2 { 2 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 3 4 //1.创建连接工厂 5 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); 6 //2. 设置参数 7 factory.setHost("172.16.98.133");//ip 默认值 localhost 8 factory.setPort(5672); //端口 默认值 5672 9 factory.setVirtualHost("/itcast");//虚拟机 默认值/ 10 factory.setUsername("jingdong");//用户名 默认 guest 11 factory.setPassword("jingdong");//密码 默认值 guest 12 //3. 创建连接 Connection 13 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); 14 //4. 创建Channel 15 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); 16 17 String queue1Name = "test_direct_queue1"; 18 String queue2Name = "test_direct_queue2"; 19 20 // 接收消息 21 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ 22 /* 23 回调方法,当收到消息后,会自动执行该方法 24 25 1. consumerTag:标识 26 2. envelope:获取一些信息,交换机,路由key... 27 3. properties:配置信息 28 4. body:数据 29 30 */ 31 @Override 32 public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 33 /* System.out.println("consumerTag:"+consumerTag); 34 System.out.println("Exchange:"+envelope.getExchange()); 35 System.out.println("RoutingKey:"+envelope.getRoutingKey()); 36 System.out.println("properties:"+properties);*/ 37 System.out.println("body:"+new String(body)); 38 System.out.println("将日志信息存储到数据库....."); 39 } 40 }; 41 /* 42 basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback) 43 参数: 44 1. queue:队列名称 45 2. autoAck:是否自动确认 46 3. callback:回调对象 47 48 */ 49 channel.basicConsume(queue1Name,true,consumer); 50 51 52 //关闭资源?不要 53 54 } 55 }