类是对现实生活中一类具有共同特征的事物的抽象,根据类来创建对象被称为实例化,创建类时,类名首字母要大写完整的类如下例所示

#class声明类,后跟类名,类名首字母需要大写
class Dog():
    """一次模拟小狗的简单测试"""
    #def定义__init__()方法
    #其中self为类种方法自带形参,指向实例
    def __init__(self, name, age):
         """初始化属性name和age"""
         #self前缀的形参名用于指向实例带入的实参,意为获取存储在形参name中的值
         #这种可以通过实例访问的变量成为属性
         self.name = name
         self.age = age
    
    #定义在类中的函数,也称为方法,方法中的形参self代指实例的参数
    #如果方法中也有不包含在__init__()方法定义的形参,也可以继续跟在self之后
    def sit(self):
         """模拟小狗被命令时蹲下"""
         print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")

    def roll_over(self):
         """模拟小狗被命令时打滚"""
         print(self.name.title() + " rolled over!")

#实例名 = 类名(),该过程被称为实例化
#实例化后,实例中的参数将会传入类中等待执行
my_dog = Dog('willie',6)
your_dog = Dog('lucy',3)

print("My dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title() + ".")
print("My dog is " + str(my_dog.age) + " years old.")

#实例化后,调用类中的方法,只需要实例调用类中的方法名即可
my_dog.sit()

print("\nYou dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title() + ".")
print("You dog is " + str(my_dog.age) + " years old.")

your_dog.sit()

#输出结果如下所示:
My dog's name is Willie.
My dog is 6 years old.
Willie is now sitting.

You dog's name is Willie.
You dog is 6 years old.
Lucy is now sitting

  课后习题答案如下:

#9-1
#创建类Restaurant
class Restaurant():
    #定义方法__init__包含三个形参self、restaurant_name和cuisine_type,其中self是每个与类有关的方法自带的形参,也表示实例本身,而其他两个形参则用来传递实参中的数据
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        #以self为前缀的变量可供类中的所有方法使用,也可以通过类的任何实力来访问这些变量
        #本例中实例one_restaurant将实参中的值传入方法__init__中的形参中,形参再将值保存在被self修饰的两个变量中供给下面代码使用
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    
    #方法describe_restaurant没有新增能其他信息,因此只需要self一个参数,方法open_restaurant同样
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name + "是一家中国饭馆.")

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print("正在营业!")

one_restaurant = Restaurant('菊下楼','四川料理')

print("这家饭馆叫做" + one_restaurant.restaurant_name + ".")
print(one_restaurant.restaurant_name + "主营" + one_restaurant.cuisine_type + ".")

one_restaurant.describe_restaurant()
one_restaurant.open_restaurant()

#输出结果如下所示:
这家饭馆叫做菊下楼.
菊下楼主营四川料理.
菊下楼是一家中国饭馆.
正在营业!



#9-3
class User():
    def __init__(self,first_name,last_name,wugong):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.wugong = wugong

    def describe_use(self):
        print(self.first_name + self.last_name + "是一名精通" + self.wugong +"的少林高手!")
    def greet_user(self):
        print("少林功夫好耶,真厉害!")

user_name = User('','星星','大力金刚腿')
user_name.describe_use()
user_name.greet_user()

#输出结果如下所示:
周星星是一名精通大力金刚腿的少林高手!
少林功夫好耶,真厉害!

   修改类中属性值的方式大概有两种,直接修改、通过方法修改属性的值修改,如下所示:

class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """初始化描述汽车的属性"""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        #新增属性odometer_reading,赋默认值0
        #如果形参有值,可以将其放在属性设置时写出,也可以在设置形参时直接写上默认值
        #形参需要通过实例化带入实参的情况下,需要在__init__()中声明
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """返回整洁的描述信息"""
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        """打印一条指出汽车里程的信息"""
        print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")

     #除了直接设置,也可以通过增加方法来修改属性值
    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        """
        将里程表读书设置为指定的值
        禁止将里程表读数往回调
        """
        if mileage > self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        """将里程表的读数增加"""
        self.odometer_reading += miles


my_new_car = Car('audi','a4',2016)
print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())

#直接修改属性值,类似关键字实参的设置
print("---------------直接修改属性值---------------")
my_new_car.odometer_reading = 23
my_new_car.read_odometer()

#通过新增方法修改属性值,保留了默认值,在不引用新增方法的情况下,输出无变化
#用实例引用属性,并赋值
print("---------------新增方法修改属性值---------------")
my_new_car.update_odometer(18)
my_new_car.read_odometer()

#通过新增方法实现属性值的增加
print("---------------新增方法实现属性值的增加---------------")
my_new_car.increment_odometer(100)
my_new_car.read_odometer()

  课后习题答案如下所示:

#9-4
class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0

    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print("这家餐厅叫做" + self.restaurant_name + ",是一家" + self.cuisine_type +"餐厅!")

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print("正在营业!")

    def number(self):
        print("曾有" + str(self.number_served) + "人在这里就餐")

    def set_number_served(self,numbers):
        self.number_served = numbers

    def increment_number_served(self,new_number):
        self.number_served += new_number


restaurant = Restaurant('菊下楼','川菜')

restaurant.describe_restaurant()
restaurant.open_restaurant()

restaurant.number_served = 200
restaurant.number()

restaurant.set_number_served(300)
restaurant.number()

restaurant.increment_number_served(500)
restaurant.number()

#输出结果如下所示:
这家餐厅叫做菊下楼,是一家川菜餐厅!
正在营业!
曾有200人在这里就餐
曾有300人在这里就餐
曾有800人在这里就餐




#9-5
class User():
    def __init__(self,first_name,last_name,login_attempts = 0):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.login_attempts = login_attempts

    def describe_user(self):
        print(self.first_name.title() + ' ' + self.last_name.title())

    def greet_user(self):
        print("Hello,my firend!")

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1
        print(self.login_attempts)

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0
        print(self.login_attempts)

my_firend = User('jimi','lee')
my_firend.describe_user()
my_firend.greet_user()
my_firend.increment_login_attempts()
my_firend.reset_login_attempts()

#输出结果如下所示:
Jimi Lee
Hello,my firend!
1
0

  继承是面向对象编程的概念之一,通过类的调用,让其中一个类获得另一个类的部分或全部特征的一种方式。继承可以使得子类别具有父类别的各种属性和方法,如下例所示:

 

#给子类定义属性和方法
class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""

    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odmeter_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        print("This car has " + str(self.odmeter_reading) + " miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odmeter_reading:
            self.odmeter_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        self.odmeter_reading += miles

#定义类ElectricCar,括号中是继承的父类Car
class ElectricCar(Car):
    """Represent aspects of a car,specific toelectric vehicles."""
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """
        电动汽车的独特之处
        初始化父类的属性,在初始化为电动汽车特有的属性
        """
        #函数super()用于调整父类和子类的继承问题,尤其是多类继承的时候,super()可以声明调用类的名字,单类中可以不用声明
        #此处通过调用父类中的__init__()方法,让子类ElectricCar中的实例包含父类实例的所有属性
        super().__init__(make,model,year)
        添加了子类的新属性self.battery_size = 70,只存在于子类ElectricCar中,父类没有该属性
        self.battery_size = 70

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")

my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model s',2016)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.describe_battery()

#输出结果如下:
2016 Tesla Model S
This car has a 70-kWh battery.

  子类继承父类以后,也可以单独给子类定义属性和方法,此时该属性或者方法独属于子类,与父类无关,如下所示:

#给子类定义属性和方法
class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""

    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odmeter_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        print("This car has " + str(self.odmeter_reading) + " miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odmeter_reading:
            self.odmeter_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        self.odmeter_reading += miles

#定义类ElectricCar,括号中是继承的父类Car
class ElectricCar(Car):
    """Represent aspects of a car,specific toelectric vehicles."""
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """
        电动汽车的独特之处
        初始化父类的属性,在初始化为电动汽车特有的属性
        """
        #函数super()用于调整父类和子类的继承问题,尤其是多类继承的时候,super()可以声明调用类的名字,单类中可以不用声明
        #此处通过调用父类中的__init__()方法,让子类ElectricCar中的实例包含父类实例的所有属性
        super().__init__(make,model,year)
        #添加了子类的新属性self.battery_size = 70,只存在于子类ElectricCar中,父类没有该属性
        self.battery_size = 70

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")
    
    #重写父类的方法,可在子类中定义一个与父类中需要重写的方法同名的方法即可
    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year)  + ' ' + self.model + ' ' + self.make + " (原结果为:2016 Tesla Model S)"
        return long_name.title()
        
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model s',2016)
#此处实例调用了get_descriptive_name()方法,因此直接输出了方法的返回值
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) my_tesla.describe_battery() #输出结果如下: 2016 Model S Tesla (原结果为:2016 Tesla Model S) This car has a 70-kWh battery.

  此外,除了在子类对继承的父类进行操作,还可以将实例用作属性,如下所示:

#将实例用做属性
class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""

    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odmeter_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        print("This car has " + str(self.odmeter_reading) + " miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odmeter_reading:
            self.odmeter_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        self.odmeter_reading += miles


#定义一个没有继承的新类,包含形参battery_size,并赋默认值70
class Battery():
    """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""

    def __init__(self,battery_size = 70):
        """初始化电瓶的属性"""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")

    def get_range(self):
        """打印一条消息,指出电瓶的续航里程"""
        if self.battery_size == 70:
            range = 240
        elif self.battery_size == 85:
            range = 270

        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
        message += " miles on a full charge."
        print(message)

class ElectricCar(Car):
    """电动汽车的独特之处"""

    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """
        初始化父类的属性,再初始化为电动汽车特有的属性
        """
        super().__init__(make,model,year)
        #添加新的属性self.battery,将类Battery实例化为Battery()(由于没有规定参数,因此为空,Battery类中有默认值70)
        self.battery = Battery()

my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model s',2016)

print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())

#访问作为属性的实例,实例.属性.方法
my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range() 

#输出结果如下所示:
2016 Tesla Model S
This car has a 70-kWh battery.
This car can go approximately 240 miles on a full charge.

  课后习题答案如下所示:

#9-6
class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0

    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print("这家餐厅叫做" + self.restaurant_name + ",是一家" + self.cuisine_type +"餐厅!")

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print("正在营业!")

    def number(self):
        print("曾有" + str(self.number_served) + "人在这里就餐")

    def set_number_served(self,numbers):
        self.number_served = numbers

    def increment_number_served(self,new_number):
        self.number_served += new_number

#定义子类IceCreanStand继承父类Restaurant
class IceCreanStand(Restaurant):
    #定义方法__init__,同时包含父类形参restaurant_name,cuisine_type
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        #使用super()函数,将子类部分形参与父类形参关联,此时子类被关联形参可以使用父类方法
        super().__init__(restaurant_name,cuisine_type)
        #定义子类专属形参flavors,赋值为空列表,该形参不可使用使用
        self.flavors = []

    #定义方法flavors_type,该方法单独实现子类需求
    def flavors_type(self):
        while True:
            ice_cream = input("输入冰淇淋的口味:\n")
            if ice_cream == 'quit':
                break
            else:
                self.flavors.append(ice_cream)
        print("这里的冰淇淋口味有:")
        for ice in self.flavors:
            print("\t-" + ice)

restaurant = IceCreanStand('菊下楼','川菜')
restaurant.describe_restaurant()
restaurant.open_restaurant()
restaurant.number()
restaurant.flavors_type()

#输出结果如下所示:
这家餐厅叫做菊下楼,是一家川菜餐厅!
正在营业!
曾有0人在这里就餐
输入冰淇淋的口味:
草莓
输入冰淇淋的口味:
香蕉
输入冰淇淋的口味:
苹果
输入冰淇淋的口味:
荔枝
输入冰淇淋的口味:
quit
这里的冰淇淋口味有:
    -草莓
    -香蕉
    -苹果
    -荔枝






    
#9-7
#创建父类User
class User():
    #创建__init__()方法初始化属性
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, login_attempts=0):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.login_attempts = login_attempts

    def describe_user(self):
        print(self.first_name.title() + ' ' + self.last_name.title())

    def greet_user(self):
        print("Hello,my firend!")

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1
        print(self.login_attempts)

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0
        print(self.login_attempts)

#创建子类Admin继承父类User
class Admin(User):irst_name, last_name, login_attempts
    #定义方法__init__,包含父类变量
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, login_attempts):
        #使用super()方法,让子类变量跟父类变量关联,使子类实例能够包含父类的属性
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, login_attempts)
        self.privileges = ['可以删除', '可以新增', '可以修改']
    #创建方法show_privileges,使用父类属性进行判断,并更具判断结果,输出类属性的值
    def show_privileges(self):
        if self.login_attempts == 0:
            print("没有特权!")
        elif self.login_attempts == 1:
            print(self.first_name.title() + ' ' + self.last_name.title() +
                  ",你可以试试" + self.privileges[0] + "操作!")
        elif self.login_attempts == 2:
            print(self.first_name.title() + ' ' + self.last_name.title() +
                  ",你可以试试" + self.privileges[1] + "操作!")
        elif self.login_attempts == 3:
            print(self.first_name.title() + ' ' + self.last_name.title() +
                  ",你可以试试" + self.privileges[2] + "操作!")

#实例包含父类实参,还包含子类实参
my_firend = Admin('jimi', 'lee', 1)
my_firend.describe_user()
my_firend.greet_user()
my_firend.show_privileges()

#输出结果如下:
Jimi Lee
Hello,my firend!
Jimi Lee,你可以试试可以删除操作!

#输出结果如下所示:
Jimi Lee
Hello,my firend!
你没有特权!







#9-8
class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, login_attempts=0):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.login_attempts = login_attempts

    def describe_user(self):
        print(self.first_name.title() + ' ' + self.last_name.title())

    def greet_user(self):
        print("Hello,my firend!")

#定义新的类Privileges,只有属性self.privileges,赋值列表
class Privileges():
    def __init__(self,privileges = ['可以删除', '可以新增', '可以修改']):
        self.privileges = privileges

    def show_privileges(self):
        print("你没有特权!")

class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, login_attempts):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, login_attempts)
        #将类Privileges实例化后用作属性
        self.privilege = Privileges()

my_firend = Admin('jimi', 'lee',1)
my_firend.describe_user()
my_firend.greet_user()
#引用实例属性化的方法时,需注意格式为实例.属性.方法
my_firend.privilege.show_privileges()

#输出结果如下所示:
Jimi Lee
Hello,my firend!
你没有特权!






#9-9
class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""

    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odmeter_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        print("This car has " + str(self.odmeter_reading) + " miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odmeter_reading:
            self.odmeter_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        self.odmeter_reading += miles

class Battery():
    """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""

    def __init__(self,battery_size = 70):
        """初始化电瓶的属性"""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")

    def get_range(self):
        """打印一条消息,指出电瓶的续航里程"""
        if self.battery_size == 70:
            range = 240
        elif self.battery_size == 85:
            range = 270

        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
        message += " miles on a full charge."
        print(message)

    def upgrade_battery(self):
        #此处判断,出现!=后,下文需用=,用==会报错,不知道为什么,先记下来!
        if self.battery_size != 85:
            self.battery_size = 85

class ElectricCar(Car):
    """电动汽车的独特之处"""

    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """
        初始化父类的属性,再初始化为电动汽车特有的属性
        """
        super().__init__(make,model,year)
        self.battery = Battery()

my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model s',2016)

print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.battery.get_range()
my_tesla.battery.upgrade_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()

#输出结果如下所示:
2016 Tesla Model S
This car can go approximately 240 miles on a full charge.
This car can go approximately 270 miles on a full charge.

  类的导入分为导入单个类,在模块中存储多个类和导入整个模块,具体实例如下所示:

#导入单个类
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test1.py
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"""一个可用于表示汽车的类"""

class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """初始化描述汽车的属性"""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """返回整洁的描述性名称"""
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' '+ self.model
        return  long_name

    def read_odometer(self):
        """打印一条信息,指出汽车的里程"""

        print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(selfself,mileage):
        """
        将里程表读数设置为指定值
        拒绝里程表往回拨
        """
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        """将里程表读数增加指定的量"""
        self.odometer_reading += miles
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test2.py
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#在其他程序中调用模块中的类,需要声明,格式如下
#引用模块语句,打开文件test1,调用类Car
from test1 import Car

my_new_car = Car('audi','a4',2016)
print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())

my_new_car.odometer_reading = 23
my_new_car.read_odometer()

my_new_car = Car('audi','a4',2016)
print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())

my_new_car.odometer_reading = 23
my_new_car.read_odometer()

#输出结果如下所示:
2016 audi a4
This car has 23 miles on it.






#在一个模块中存储多个类
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test1.py
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"""一个可用于表示汽车的类"""

class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """初始化描述汽车的属性"""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """返回整洁的描述性名称"""
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' '+ self.model
        return  long_name

    def read_odometer(self):
        """打印一条信息,指出汽车的里程"""

        print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(selfself,mileage):
        """
        将里程表读数设置为指定值
        拒绝里程表往回拨
        """
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        """将里程表读数增加指定的量"""
        self.odometer_reading += miles

class Battery():
    """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self,battery_size = 70):
        """初始化电瓶的属性"""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")

    def get_range(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶续航里程的消息"""
        if self.battery_size == 70:
            range = 240
        elif self.battery_size == 85:
            range = 270

        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
        message += " miles on a full charge."
        print(message)

class  ElectricCar(Car):
    """模拟电动汽车的独特之处"""
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        """
        初始化父类的属性,在初始化电动汽车特有的属性
        """
        super().__init__(make,model,year)
        self.battery = Battery()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test3.py
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#一个模块多个类的调用,只需注明调用的类名即可
#引用模块语句,打开文件test1,调用类ElectricCar
from test1 import ElectricCar

my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model s',2016)

print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test4.py
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#导入整个模块
#先导入模块
import test1

#导入模块后,调用类只需要实例化的时候,用句点的方法引用,通过模块来调用类
my_beetly = test1.Car('volkswagen','beetle',2016)
#调用类以后,在调用类中的方法
print(my_beetly.get_descriptive_name())

my_tesla = test1.ElectricCar('tesla','roadster',2016)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())


#输出结果如下所示:
#test3
2016 tesla model s
This car has a 70-kWh battery.
This car can go approximately 240 miles on a full charge.
#test4
2016 volkswagen beetle
2016 tesla roadster 

 

posted on 2019-06-19 09:34  一人暮らし  阅读(487)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报