前端技术Bootstrap的hello world
对于用户来说,界面就是程序本身。那么一个漂亮的web一定是你继续使用这个应用的前题。
这一节我们来一起写个Bootstrap的hello wrold。
Bootstrap
Bootstrap 是最受欢迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架,用于开发响应式布局、移动设备优先的 WEB 项目。
如何使用Bootstrap?
Bootstrap的使用一般有两种方法。一种是引用在线的Bootstrap的样式,一种是将Bootstrap下载到本地进行引用。
引用在线样式:
引用在线样式的好处就是不用本地安装Bootstrap,也是不用考虑引用时的路径问题。缺点是担心性能问题,一旦在线样式挂了,那么自己的网站页面样式也就乱掉了。
http://v3.bootcss.com/getting-started/#download
Bootstrap中文网为 Bootstrap 专门构建了自己的免费 CDN 加速服务。
使用方法非常简单:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang='en'> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <title>Hello Bootstrap</title> <!-- Bootstrap core CSS --> <link href='http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> </head> <body> <h3>hello Bootstrap<h3> </body> </html>
<link href='http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> 这一行已经将在线的样式引进来了。注意本文使用的是当前最新的Bootstrap3.2.0。
使用本地的Bootstrap
下载Bootstrap到本地进行解压,解压完成,你将得到一个Bootstrap目录,结构如下:
bootstrap/ ├── css/ │ ├── bootstrap.css │ ├── bootstrap.min.css │ ├── bootstrap-theme.css │ └── bootstrap-theme.min.css ├── js/ │ ├── bootstrap.js │ └── bootstrap.min.js └── fonts/ ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf └── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
本地调用如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang='en'> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <title>Hello Bootstrap</title> <!-- Bootstrap core CSS --> <link href='./bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> <style type='text/css'> body { background-color: #CCC; } </style> </head> <body> <h3>hello Bootstrap<h3> </body> </html>
<link href='./bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> --表示引入当前目录下的Bootstrap样式。
<link href='D:/bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> --当然也可以使用绝对路径。
我们多加了一个背景色效果如下:
下面利用Bootstrap的样式编写一个网站出来。
添加导航行栏和登录框
<nav class='navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top' role='navigation'>
<div class='container'>
<div class='navbar-header'>
<button type='button' class='navbar-toggle collapsed' data-toggle='collapse' data-target='#navbar' aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='navbar'>
<span class='sr-only'>Toggle navigation</span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
</button>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>首页</a>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>测试</a>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>开发</a>
</div>
<div id='navbar' class='navbar-collapse collapse'>
<form class='navbar-form navbar-right' role='form'>
<div class='form-group'>
<input type='text' placeholder='Email' class='form-control'>
</div>
<div class='form-group'>
<input type='password' placeholder='Password' class='form-control'>
</div>
<button type='submit' class='btn btn-success'>Sign in</button>
</form>
</div><!--/.navbar-collapse -->
</div>
</nav>
浏览器效果如下:
添加一篇文章
<div class='jumbotron'>
<div id='content' class='row-fluid'>
<h4>Hello, world!</h4>
<p class='blog-post-meta'>January 1, 2014 by <a href='#'>Mark</a></p>
<p>This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called a jumbotron and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.</p>
<p><a class='btn btn-primary btn-lg' role='button'>阅读全文 »</a></p>
</div>
</div>
浏览器效果如下:
添加底部介绍与友情链接
<div class='col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1 blog-sidebar'> <div class='sidebar-module sidebar-module-inset'> <h4>About</h4> <p>Etiam porta <em>sem malesuada magna</em> mollis euismod. Cras mattis consectetur purus sit amet fermentum. Aenean lacinia bibendum nulla sed consectetur.</p> </div> <div class='sidebar-module'> <h4>Elsewhere</h4> <ol class='list-unstyled'> <li><a href='#'>博客园</a></li> <li><a href='#'>开源中国</a></li> <li><a href='#'>infoq</a></li> </ol> </div> </div>
最终效果如下:
完整代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang='en'> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <title>Hello Bootstrap</title> <!-- Bootstrap core CSS --> <link href='./bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> <style type='text/css'> body { background-color: #CCC; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class='navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top' role='navigation'> <div class='container'> <div class='navbar-header'> <button type='button' class='navbar-toggle collapsed' data-toggle='collapse' data-target='#navbar' aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='navbar'> <span class='sr-only'>Toggle navigation</span> <span class='icon-bar'></span> <span class='icon-bar'></span> <span class='icon-bar'></span> </button> <a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>首页</a> <a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>测试</a> <a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>开发</a> </div> <div id='navbar' class='navbar-collapse collapse'> <form class='navbar-form navbar-right' role='form'> <div class='form-group'> <input type='text' placeholder='Email' class='form-control'> </div> <div class='form-group'> <input type='pass<a href="http://www.it165.net/edu/ebg/" target="_blank" class="keylink">word</a>' placeholder='Pass<a href="http://www.it165.net/edu/ebg/" target="_blank" class="keylink">word</a>' class='form-control'> </div> <button type='submit' class='btn btn-success'>Sign in</button> </form> </div><!--/.navbar-collapse --> </div> </nav> <div class='jumbotron'> <div id='content' class='row-fluid'> <h4>Hello, world!</h4> <p class='blog-post-meta'>January 1, 2014 by <a href='#'>Mark</a></p> <p>This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called a jumbotron and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.</p> <p><a class='btn btn-primary btn-lg' role='button'>阅读全文 »</a></p> </div> </div> <div class='col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1 blog-sidebar'> <div class='sidebar-module sidebar-module-inset'> <h4>About</h4> <p>Etiam porta <em>sem malesuada magna</em> mollis euismod. Cras mattis consectetur purus sit amet fermentum. Aenean lacinia bibendum nulla sed consectetur.</p> </div> <div class='sidebar-module'> <h4>Elsewhere</h4> <ol class='list-unstyled'> <li><a href='#'>博客园</a></li> <li><a href='#'>开源中国</a></li> <li><a href='#'>infoq</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> </body> </html>
样式的继承
你一定很好奇,这些样式是怎么玩的?如何你细心的就会留意到div 标签的class属性。
通过class的属性值去继承Bootstrap的样式定义,那么就达到了某种样式效果。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'> <head> <meta charset='utf-8' /> <title>自定义样式</title> <!--自定义侧边栏样式--> <style> .divcss5-right{width:320px; height:120px;border:1px solid #F00;float:right} </style> </head> <body> <!--class属性引用自定义样式--> <div class='divcss5-right'> <h4>友情链接:</h4> <ol class='list-unstyled'> <li><a href='#'>博客园</a></li> <li><a href='#'>开源中国</a></li> <li><a href='#'>infoq</a></li> </ol> </div> </body> </html>
玩前端就是要不断的修改里面的属性或信息,然后看浏览器上的展示效果。