Highcharts 使用总结
一、Highcharts series属性
1、下面是一个基本曲线图的例子:
<html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Highcharts 曲线图</title> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="http://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="container" style="width: 550px; height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"></div> <script language="JavaScript"> $(document).ready(function() { var title = { text: '城市平均气温' }; var subtitle = { text: '' }; var xAxis = { categories: ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'] }; var yAxis = { title: { text: 'Temperature (\xB0C)' }, plotLines: [{ value: 0, width: 1, color: '#808080' }] }; var tooltip = { valueSuffix: '\xB0C' } var legend = { layout: 'vertical', align: 'right', verticalAlign: 'middle', borderWidth: 0 }; var series = [ { name: 'Tokyo', data: [7.0, 6.9, 9.5, 14.5, 18.2, 21.5, 25.2, 26.5, 23.3, 18.3, 13.9, 9.6] }, { name: 'New York', data: [-0.2, 0.8, 5.7, 11.3, 17.0, 22.0, 24.8, 24.1, 20.1, 14.1, 8.6, 2.5] }, { name: 'London', data: [3.9, 4.2, 5.7, 8.5, 11.9, 15.2, 17.0, 16.6, 14.2, 10.3, 6.6, 4.8] } ]; var json = {}; json.title = title; json.subtitle = subtitle; json.xAxis = xAxis; json.yAxis = yAxis; json.tooltip = tooltip; json.legend = legend; json.series = series; $('#container').highcharts(json); }); </script> </body> </html>
例中有highcharts的常用属性,主要是series数据列。series用于设置图表中要展示的数据相关的属性,参数如下:
参数 | 描述 | 默认值 |
data | 显示在图表中的数据列,可以为数组或者JSON格式的数据。如:data:[0, 5, 3, 5],或 data: [{name: 'Point 1',y: 0}, {name: 'Point 2',y: 5}] |
'' |
name | 显示数据列的名称 | '' |
type | 数据列类型,支持 area, areaspline, bar, column, line, pie, scatter or spline | line |
二、Highcharts基本设置
2.1 在一个图像中有多条曲线,但是默认想只显示第一条曲线,则需要做如下设置:
chart: { renderTo: 'container1', type: 'line', events: { load: function (event) { for (var i = this.series.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { this.series[i].hide(); //设置只显示第一条线,其他都不显示 } } } }
2.2 去掉highcharts网站url
右下角默认会有一个其网站url存在,这会影响美观,做如下设置即可去掉:
credits: { enabled: false //不显示LOGO }
或者在 highcharts.js 中 Ctrl+F 搜索 credits属性,设置 enabled: false
2.3 动态增加曲线数量
在显示曲线后动态增加显示曲线条数:
var chart = new Highcharts.Chart(options); chart.addSeries({ name: '合计', data: [61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 57] }); 或 chart.addSeries({ name: 'DataURL serie', dataURL: 'serie3.txt' });
2.4 动态删除曲线
chart.series[0].remove();
三、Highcharts 点击
$(function () { // create the chart $('#container').highcharts({ chart: { events: { addSeries: function() { var label = this.renderer.label('A series was added, about to redraw chart', 100, 120) .attr({ fill: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0], padding: 10, r: 5, zIndex: 8 }) .css({ color: '#FFFFFF' }) .add(); setTimeout(function () { label.fadeOut(); }, 1000); } } }, xAxis: { categories: ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'] }, series: [{ data: [29.9, 71.5, 106.4, 129.2, 144.0, 176.0, 135.6, 148.5, 216.4, 194.1, 95.6, 54.4] }] }); // activate the button $('#button').click(function() { var chart = $('#container').highcharts(); chart.addSeries({ data: [216.4, 194.1, 95.6, 54.4, 29.9, 71.5, 106.4, 129.2, 144.0, 176.0, 135.6, 148.5] }); $(this).attr('disabled', true); }); });
效果图:
四、图表数据动态更新
在实际使用highcharts时,数据不是手写的,经常是动态赋值data。
4.1 随机数据点
chart.events属性中添加 load 方法(图表加载事件),每秒(1000ms)随机产生数据点并生成图表。
<script> Highcharts.setOptions({ global: { useUTC: false } }); var chart11 = new Highcharts.Chart({ chart: { renderTo: 'container11', type: 'spline', events: { load: function () { var series = this.series[0]; setInterval(function () { var x = (new Date()).getTime(), // current time y = Math.random(); series.addPoint([x, y], true, true); }, 1000); } } }, title: { text: '实时温度' }, subtitle: { text: " " }, xAxis: { type: 'datetime', dateTimeLabelFormats: { day: '%H : %M' } }, yAxis: { labels: { ormat: '{value} .00', style: { color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0] } }, title: { text: '温度:摄氏度', style: { color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0] } }, startOnTick: true, //为true时,设置min才有效 min: 0, plotLines: [{ value: 0, width: 1, color: 'black' }] }, tooltip: { formatter: function () { return '<b>' + this.series.name + '</b><br/>' + Highcharts.dateFormat('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', this.x) + '<br/>' + '<span style="color:#08c">' + Highcharts.numberFormat(this.y, 2) + ' 摄氏度' + '</span>'; } }, legend: { enabled: true }, exporting: { enabled: false }, series: [{ type: 'spline', name: '温度', data: (function () { var data = [], time = (new Date()).getTime(), i; // 图表初始的时候显示10个数据点(都是0) for (i = -9; i <= 0; i++) { // time是当前时间,故显示的10个数据点的x轴时间是当前时间之前的,故 i 为负 data.push({ x: time + i * 1000, y: 0 }); } return data; })() }] }); </script>
4.2 在原有数据的基础上改变数据
向HighChart中添加data series,方法:chart.addseries({},trur/false); true:重绘 false:不重绘
eg: 添加name为gloomyfish的数据列。
chart.addSeries({
id:1,
name:"gloomyfish",
data:[1,2,3]
},true);
下面是使用时的例子:
<script> Highcharts.setOptions({ global: { useUTC: false } }); var chart21 = new Highcharts.Chart({ chart: { renderTo: 'container21', type: 'spline', marginRight: 10 }, title: { text: '历史温度' }, subtitle: { text: " " }, credits: { enabled: false }, xAxis: { type: 'linear' }, yAxis: { title: { text: '摄氏度' }, startOnTick: true, //为true时,设置min才有效 min: 0, plotLines: [{ value: 0, width: 1, color: '#808080' }] }, legend: { enabled: true }, exporting: { enabled: false }, series: [{ name:"11", data:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] }] }); var yVal=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]; setInterval(function(){ chart21.addSeries({ //添加数据列 name:"历史温度", data:yVal },true);
},1000);
</script>
效果:
可以发现,上一秒添加的数据还是存在,在查阅资料后发现,要使用 remove() 方法来移除上一秒添加的数据:
var yVal=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]; setInterval(function(){ chart21.addSeries({ //添加数据列 name:"历史温度", data:yVal },true);
chart21.series[0].remove(); //移除
},1000);
这样修改后的效果:
上面是每秒添加固定的数据[1,2,3,4,5,6,7],现在稍作修改,每秒添加变化的数据,如下所示, yVal[i]=yVal[i]+i; 每次添加数据时数组数据改变
var yVal=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]; setInterval(function(){ for(var i =0;i<7;i++){ // 数组有7个元素 yVal[i]=yVal[i]+i; } chart21.addSeries({ //添加数据列 name:"历史温度", data:yVal },true); chart21.series[0].remove(); //移除 },1000);
图1是原始数据[1,2,3,4,5,6,7],图2是i=0时[1,3,5,7,9,11,13] ,图3是i=1时[1,4,7,10,13,16,19] .......
然后,在这里,我发现如果不把前面的数据移除,所得的图还是挺好看的,呵呵
4.3 异步动态读取数据
way1:使用Jquery的Ajax方式,调用后台获得数据,然后进行绑定的。
(1)在脚本函数里面,初始化一个chart对象,并把series数据data设置为空:
series: [{ type: 'pie', name: '人员数量', data: [] }]
(2)通过Ajax调用后台连接获得数据,然后绑定到具体的属性上
//通过Ajax获取图表1数据 $.ajaxSettings.async = false; var data1 = []; $.getJSON("/User/GetCompanyUserCountJson", function (dict) { for (var key in dict) { if (dict.hasOwnProperty(key)) { data1.push([key, dict[key]]); } }; chart1.series[0].setData(data1); });
(3)页面上写个div,设置id="container1"来放置图表
<div id="container1" style="height: 300px;max-width:500px"></div>
way2:简例(Highcharts之动态刷新——结合后台数据)
$(function(){ $(document).ready(function() { Highcharts.setOptions({ global: { useUTC: false//是否使用世界标准时间 } }); var chart; chart = new Highcharts.Chart({ chart: { renderTo: 'container', type: 'spline', marginRight: 10, events: { load: function() { var series = this.series; setInterval(function() { var result = reload(); var x = result.time; for(var i=0; i<series.length; i++) { var y = result.y[i]; series[i].addPoint([x, y], true, true); } }, 1000*5); } } }, title: { text: 'ssssss' }, xAxis: { type: 'datetime', tickPixelInterval: 150 }, yAxis: { title: { text: 'Value' }, plotLines: [{ value: 0, width: 1, color: '#808080' }] }, tooltip: { formatter: function () { return '<b>' + this.series.name + '</b><br/>' + Highcharts.dateFormat('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', this.x) + '<br/>' + Highcharts.numberFormat(this.y, 2); } }, //图例属性 legend: { layout: 'vertical', align: 'right', verticalAlign: 'top', borderWidth: 0 }, exporting: { enabled: false }, series: create() //series属性是一个js函数的返回值,需用“js函数名()”来取得 }); });
function create() {
var series = new Array();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "xxxx/yyyyy.json",
async: false, //表示同步,如果要得到ajax处理完后台数据后的返回值,最好这样设置
success: function(result){
var channels = result.key;
var size = channels.length;
for(var i=0; i<size; i++) {
var name = channels[i].yyyy;
var perTotalCnt = channels[i].xxxx;
var data = function() {
var data = [],
time = result.time,
i;
for(i=-6; i<=0; i++) {
data.push({
x: aaaa,
y: zzzz
});
}
return data;
}();
series.push({"name": name, "data": data});
}
}
}, false); //false表示“遮罩”,前台不显示“请稍后”进度提示
alert(series);
return series;
}
});
way3:简例(异步动态读取数据)
$(function () { var chart_validatestatics; $(document).ready(function () { var options_validatestatics = { chart: { renderTo: 'container_validatestatics', type: 'column' }, title: { text: '验票分析' }, subtitle: { text: 'tourol.cn' }, xAxis: { }, yAxis: { title: { text: '人数' } }, plotOptions: { bar: { dataLabels: { enabled: true } } }, tooltip: { formatter: function () { return '<b>' + this.x + '</b><br/>' + this.series.name + ': ' + this.y + '人'; } }, credits: { enabled: false }, series: [{ name: "验票用户", width: 3 }] } $.get("/ajaxhandler/dataupdate.ashx?operate_type=validatestatics", function (data) { var xatrnames = []; var yvalidators = []; for (var i = 0; i < data.rows.length; i++) { xatrnames.push([ data.rows[i].atrname ]); yvalidators.push([ data.rows[i].atrname, parseInt(data.rows[i].nums) ]); } alert(xatrnames + yvalidators); options_validatestatics.xAxis.categories = xatrnames options_validatestatics.series[0].data = yvalidators; chart_validatestatics = new Highcharts.Chart(options_validatestatics); }); }); });
要注意的是:x轴数组定义好后,定义y轴数据的时候要把对应在x轴上的值也push到数组里,不然会无法显示。
对应的在ajaxhandler中,拼接字符串并返回即可:
string json = "{\"rows\":["; for (int i = 0; i < datas.Rows.Count; i++) { json += "{\"atrname\":\"" + datas.Rows[i]["name"] + "\",\"nums\":\"" + datas.Rows[i]["nums"] + "\"},"; } json = json.TrimEnd(','); json += "]}"; context.Response.Write(json); context.Response.Flush(); context.Response.End();
4.4 同步获取数据
使用Websocket与服务器建立TCP连接之后,会一直连接,浏览器和服务器直接可以数据相互传送。
在应用Websocket之前,我们可以先结合前面的动态随机数据想想,如果把数据点的Y值换成了从服务器接收的数据就可以画出接收的数据。
<script> Highcharts.setOptions({ global: { useUTC: false } }); var chart21 = new Highcharts.Chart({ chart: { renderTo: 'container21', type: 'spline' }, title: { text: '历史温度' }, subtitle: { text: " " }, credits: { enabled: false }, xAxis: { type: 'datetime', dateTimeLabelFormats: { day: '%H : %M' } }, yAxis: { labels: { format: '{value} .00', style: { color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0] } }, title: { text: '温度:摄氏度', style: { color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0] } }, startOnTick: true, //为true时,设置min才有效 min: 0, plotLines: [{ value: 0, width: 1, color: '#808080' }] }, tooltip: { formatter: function () { return '<b>' + this.series.name + '</b><br/>' + Highcharts.dateFormat('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', this.x) + '<br/>' + '<span style="color:#08c">' + Highcharts.numberFormat(this.y, 2) + ' 摄氏度' + '</span>'; }, crosshairs: true }, legend: { enabled: true }, exporting: { enabled: false }, series: [{ type: 'spline', name: '实时温度', //data: [0,0] data: (function () { var data = [], time = (new Date()).getTime(), i; for (i = -9; i <= 0; i++) { data.push({ //x: time + i * 1000, x: time, y: 0 }); } return data; })() }] }); setInterval(function(){ var x; var y; x = (new Date()).getTime(); // 当前时间 y = Math.random(); chart21.series[0].addPoint([x, y], true, true); //追加点并去掉一个点 //chart1.series[0].addPoint([x, y]);追加点( 不去掉点 ) },1000); </script>
改写setInterval()函数,把Y值替换成val
由于下面的代码是直接从做过的项目中copy过来的,看的时候有的地方出现的有点突兀,不用理会,只看y值的改变就好了。
function myChart(val) { var x; var y; x = (new Date()).getTime(); // 当前时间 y = val;//Math.random(); chart1.series[0].addPoint([x, y], true, true); //追加点并去掉一个点 //chart1.series[0].addPoint([x, y]);追加点( 不去掉点 ) }
function ParseValue(val) { var data = JSON.parse(val); //字符串转换为对象
var v = document.getElementById("device").innerHTML; if (v == data.device_id) { if (data.device_id > 9) { switch (data.value) { case 0: document.getElementById("vd").innerHTML = "关闭"; break; case 1: document.getElementById("vd").innerHTML = "打开"; break; case 2: document.getElementById("vd").innerHTML = "停止"; break; default: } } else { document.getElementById("vd").innerHTML = data.value; } } if (v == data.device_id) { if (data.device_id < 10) { myChart(data.value); } else { document.getElementById("container1").hidden(); } } }
当然,在这之前还要建立TCP连接:
<script> var ws; var SocketCreated = false; var isUserloggedout = false; window.onload = function Connect() { if (SocketCreated && (ws.readyState == 0 || ws.readyState == 1)) { //(SocketCreated = false)&&(连接未建立)。。。。readyState属性表示ReadOnly属性的状态。等于0或者1表示连接未建立 SocketCreated = false; isUserloggedout = true; ws.close(); } else { //alert("准备连接到服务器 ..."); document.getElementById("wsServerStatus").innerHTML = "准备连接到服务器 ..."; try { if ("WebSocket" in window) { ws = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.1.108:2012"); } else if("MozWebSocket" in window) { ws = new MozWebSocket("ws://192.168.1.108:2012"); } SocketCreated = true; isUserloggedout = false; } catch (ex) { alert(ex, "ERROR"); return; } ws.onopen = WSonOpen; ws.onmessage = WSonMessage; ws.onclose = WSonClose; ws.onerror = WSonError; } }; function WSonOpen() { ServerStatus = true; document.getElementById("wsServerStatus").innerHTML = "连接已建立"; Login(); }; function Login() { var loginBody = { account: "", pass_word: "" }; loginBody.account = "11111111111"; loginBody.pass_word = "1111"; var body = JSON.stringify(loginBody); var loginReq = { key: "/user/login", token: "", type: 1, body: body }; ws.send(JSON.stringify(loginReq)); } function WSonMessage(event) { var msg = JSON.parse(event.data); switch (msg.key) { case "/device/data": case "/device/status": var n = document.getElementById("content-main").childElementCount; for (var i = 1; i < n; i++) { try{ var m = document.getElementById("content-main").children[i]; m.contentWindow.ParseValue(msg.body); }catch(err){ } } break; } }; function WSonClose() { ServerStatus = false; document.getElementById("wsServerStatus").innerHTML = "连接已关闭"; }; function WSonError() { ServerStatus = false; document.getElementById("wsServerStatus").innerHTML = "远程连接中断"; }; function WsSend(val) { ws.send(val); } </script>