导出Werd

本文分步介绍如何利用 Visual C# .NET 的自动化功能在 Word 中创建新文档。

代码示例

本文中的代码示例将说明如何完成以下任务：

• 插入包含文本和格式的段落。
• 浏览和修改文档中的不同范围。
• 插入表格、设置表格格式并在表格中填充数据。
• 添加图表。

要利用 Visual C# .NET 的自动化功能创建新的 Word 文档，请执行以下步骤：

1. 启动 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。在文件菜单上，单击新建，然后单击项目。在项目类型下，单击 Visual C# 项目，然后单击模板下的 Windows 应用程序。默认情况下会创建 Form1。
2. 添加对 Microsoft Word 对象库的引用。为此，请按照下列步骤操作：
   1. 在项目菜单上，单击添加引用。
   2. 在 COM 选项卡上，找到 Microsoft Word 对象库，然后单击选择。
   3. 在添加引用对话框中单击确定，接受您的选择。如果系统提示您为选定的库生成包装，请单击是。
3. 在视图菜单上，选择工具箱以显示工具箱，然后向 Form1 添加一个按钮。
4. 双击 Button1。出现该窗体的代码窗口。
5. 在代码窗口中，将以下代码

   private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
   }
   					

   替换为：

   private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
   	object oMissing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
   	object oEndOfDoc = "\\endofdoc"; /* \endofdoc is a predefined bookmark */ 
   
   	//Start Word and create a new document.
   	Word._Application oWord;
   	Word._Document oDoc;
   	oWord = new Word.Application();
   	oWord.Visible = true;
   	oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oMissing, ref oMissing,
   		ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
   
   	//Insert a paragraph at the beginning of the document.
   	Word.Paragraph oPara1;
   	oPara1 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oMissing);
   	oPara1.Range.Text = "Heading 1";
   	oPara1.Range.Font.Bold = 1;
   	oPara1.Format.SpaceAfter = 24;    //24 pt spacing after paragraph.
   	oPara1.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
   
   	//Insert a paragraph at the end of the document.
   	Word.Paragraph oPara2;
   	object oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   	oPara2 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng);
   	oPara2.Range.Text = "Heading 2";
   	oPara2.Format.SpaceAfter = 6;
   	oPara2.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
   
   	//Insert another paragraph.
   	Word.Paragraph oPara3;
   	oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   	oPara3 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng);
   	oPara3.Range.Text = "This is a sentence of normal text. Now here is a table:";
   	oPara3.Range.Font.Bold = 0;
   	oPara3.Format.SpaceAfter = 24;
   	oPara3.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
   
   	//Insert a 3 x 5 table, fill it with data, and make the first row
   	//bold and italic.
   	Word.Table oTable;
   	Word.Range wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   	oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 3, 5, ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
   	oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6;
   	int r, c;
   	string strText;
   	for(r = 1; r <= 3; r++)
   		for(c = 1; c <= 5; c++)
   		{
   			strText = "r" + r + "c" + c;
   			oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText;
   		}
   	oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Bold = 1;
   	oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Italic = 1;
   
   	//Add some text after the table.
   	Word.Paragraph oPara4;
   	oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   	oPara4 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng);
   	oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphBefore();
   	oPara4.Range.Text = "And here's another table:";
   	oPara4.Format.SpaceAfter = 24;
   	oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
   
   	//Insert a 5 x 2 table, fill it with data, and change the column widths.
   	wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   	oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 5, 2, ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
   	oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6;
   	for(r = 1; r <= 5; r++)
   		for(c = 1; c <= 2; c++)
   		{
   			strText = "r" + r + "c" + c;
   			oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText;
   		}
   	oTable.Columns[1].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(2); //Change width of columns 1 & 2
   	oTable.Columns[2].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(3);
   
   	//Keep inserting text. When you get to 7 inches from top of the
   	//document, insert a hard page break.
   	object oPos;
   	double dPos = oWord.InchesToPoints(7);
   	oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
   	do
   	{
   		wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   		wrdRng.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6;
   		wrdRng.InsertAfter("A line of text");
   		wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter();
   		oPos = wrdRng.get_Information
                          (Word.WdInformation.wdVerticalPositionRelativeToPage);
   	}
   	while(dPos >= Convert.ToDouble(oPos));
   	object oCollapseEnd = Word.WdCollapseDirection.wdCollapseEnd;
   	object oPageBreak = Word.WdBreakType.wdPageBreak;
   	wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd);
   	wrdRng.InsertBreak(ref oPageBreak);
   	wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd);
   	wrdRng.InsertAfter("We're now on page 2. Here's my chart:");
   	wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter();
   
   	//Insert a chart.
   	Word.InlineShape oShape;
   	object oClassType = "MSGraph.Chart.8";
   	wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   	oShape = wrdRng.InlineShapes.AddOLEObject(ref oClassType, ref oMissing, 
   		ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing,
   		ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
   
   	//Demonstrate use of late bound oChart and oChartApp objects to
   	//manipulate the chart object with MSGraph.
   	object oChart;
   	object oChartApp;
   	oChart = oShape.OLEFormat.Object;
   	oChartApp = oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("Application",
   		BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, oChart, null);
   
   	//Change the chart type to Line.
   	object[] Parameters = new Object[1];
   	Parameters[0] = 4; //xlLine = 4
   	oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("ChartType", BindingFlags.SetProperty,
   		null, oChart, Parameters);
   
   	//Update the chart image and quit MSGraph.
   	oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Update",
   		BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null);
   	oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Quit",
   		BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null);
   	//... If desired, you can proceed from here using the Microsoft Graph 
   	//Object model on the oChart and oChartApp objects to make additional
   	//changes to the chart.
   
   	//Set the width of the chart.
   	oShape.Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(6.25f);
   	oShape.Height = oWord.InchesToPoints(3.57f);
   
   	//Add text after the chart.
   	wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
   	wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter();
   	wrdRng.InsertAfter("THE END.");
   
   	//Close this form.
   	this.Close();
   }
   					

6. 滚动到代码窗口的顶部。将下面的代码行添加到 using指令列表的末尾：

   using Word = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word;
   using System.Reflection;
   					

7. 按 F5 键生成并运行程序。
8. 单击 Button1，启动 Word 自动化功能并创建文档。

代码执行完成后，检查为您创建的文档。该文档包含两页设置了格式的段落、表格和图表。

使用模板

如果您要使用自动化功能创建的文档都是通用格式，则利用基于预设格式的模板的新文档来开始创建过程会更加容易。与从头创建文档相比，将某个模板与 Word 自动化客户端配合使用有两大优点：

• 您可以对整个文档中的对象的格式设置和布局施加更多控制。
• 可以使用较少的代码创建文档。

通过使用模板，可以精确地调整表格、段落和其他对象在文档中的布局，并可为这些对象添加格式设置。通过使用自动化功能，可以基于包含下面这样的代码的模板创建新文档：

object oTemplate = "c:\\MyTemplate.dot";
oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oTemplate, ref oMissing,
	ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
				

在模板中，可以定义书签，这样，自动化客户端就可以在文档的特定位置加入可变文本，如下所示：

object oBookMark = "MyBookmark";
oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.Text = "Some Text Here";
				

使用模板的另一个优点在于，您可以创建和存储希望在运行时应用的格式样式，如下所示：

object oStyleName = "MyStyle";
oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.set_Style(ref oStyleName);
				

- 或者 -

object oStyleName = "MyStyle";
oWord.Selection.set_Style(ref oStyleName);