smarctl 分析磁盘

1、安装smartmontools软件包

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1 2	apt-get install smartmontools # Debian/Ubuntu yum install smartmontools # RedHat/CentOS

2、命令帮助

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root@pve01:~# smartctl --help smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.53-1-pve] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org   Usage: smartctl [options] device   ============================================ SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS =====     -h, --help, --usage          Display this help and exit     -V, --version, --copyright, --license          Print license, copyright, and version information and exit     -i, --info          Show identity information for device     --identify[=[w][nvb]]          Show words and bits from IDENTIFY DEVICE data                (ATA)     -g NAME, --get=NAME         Get device setting: all, aam, apm, dsn, lookahead, security,         wcache, rcache, wcreorder, wcache-sct     -a, --all          Show all SMART information for device     -x, --xall          Show all information for device     --scan          Scan for devices     --scan-open          Scan for devices and try to open each device   ================================== SMARTCTL RUN-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS =====     -j, --json[=cgiosuvy]          Print output in JSON or YAML format     -q TYPE, --quietmode=TYPE                                           (ATA)          Set smartctl quiet mode to one of: errorsonly, silent, noserial     -d TYPE, --device=TYPE          Specify device type to one of:          ata, scsi[+TYPE], nvme[,NSID], sat[,auto][,N][+TYPE], usbcypress[,X], usbjmicron[,p][,x][,N], usbprolific, usbsunplus, sntjmicron[,NSID], sntrealtek, intelliprop,N[+TYPE], jmb39x[-q],N[,sLBA][,force][+TYPE], jms56x,N[,sLBA][,force][+TYPE], marvell, areca,N/E, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N, megaraid,N, aacraid,H,L,ID, cciss,N, auto, test     -T TYPE, --tolerance=TYPE                                           (ATA)          Tolerance: normal, conservative, permissive, verypermissive     -b TYPE, --badsum=TYPE                                              (ATA)          Set action on bad checksum to one of: warn, exit, ignore     -r TYPE, --report=TYPE          Report transactions (see man page)     -n MODE[,STATUS], --nocheck=MODE[,STATUS]                     (ATA, SCSI)          No check if: never, sleep, standby, idle (see man page)   ============================== DEVICE FEATURE ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS =====     -s VALUE, --smart=VALUE         Enable/disable SMART on device (on/off)     -o VALUE, --offlineauto=VALUE                                       (ATA)         Enable/disable automatic offline testing on device (on/off)     -S VALUE, --saveauto=VALUE                                          (ATA)         Enable/disable Attribute autosave on device (on/off)     -s NAME[,VALUE], --set=NAME[,VALUE]         Enable/disable/change device setting: aam,[N|off], apm,[N|off],         dsn,[on|off], lookahead,[on|off], security-freeze,         standby,[N|off|now], wcache,[on|off], rcache,[on|off],         wcreorder,[on|off[,p]], wcache-sct,[ata|on|off[,p]]   ======================================= READ AND DISPLAY DATA OPTIONS =====     -H, --health         Show device SMART health status     -c, --capabilities                                            (ATA, NVMe)         Show device SMART capabilities     -A, --attributes         Show device SMART vendor-specific Attributes and values     -f FORMAT, --format=FORMAT                                          (ATA)         Set output format for attributes: old, brief, hex[,id|val]     -l TYPE, --log=TYPE         Show device log. TYPE: error, selftest, selective, directory[,g|s],         xerror[,N][,error], xselftest[,N][,selftest], background,         sasphy[,reset], sataphy[,reset], scttemp[sts,hist],         scttempint,N[,p], scterc[,N,M], devstat[,N], defects[,N], ssd,         gplog,N[,RANGE], smartlog,N[,RANGE], nvmelog,N,SIZE     -v N,OPTION , --vendorattribute=N,OPTION                            (ATA)         Set display OPTION for vendor Attribute N (see man page)     -F TYPE, --firmwarebug=TYPE                                         (ATA)         Use firmware bug workaround:         none, nologdir, samsung, samsung2, samsung3, xerrorlba, swapid     -P TYPE, --presets=TYPE                                             (ATA)         Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall     -B [+]FILE, --drivedb=[+]FILE                                       (ATA)         Read and replace [add] drive database from FILE         [default is +/etc/smart_drivedb.h          and then    /var/lib/smartmontools/drivedb/drivedb.h]   ============================================ DEVICE SELF-TEST OPTIONS =====     -t TEST, --test=TEST         Run test. TEST: offline, short, long, conveyance, force, vendor,N,                         select,M-N, pending,N, afterselect,[on|off]     -C, --captive         Do test in captive mode (along with -t)     -X, --abort         Abort any non-captive test on device   =================================================== SMARTCTL EXAMPLES =====     smartctl --all /dev/sda                    (Prints all SMART information)     smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/sda                                               (Enables SMART on first disk)     smartctl --test=long /dev/sda          (Executes extended disk self-test)     smartctl --attributes --log=selftest --quietmode=errorsonly /dev/sda                                       (Prints Self-Test & Attribute errors)   smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/sda   smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twe0   smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twa0   smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twl0           (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk on 3ware RAID controller)   smartctl --all --device=hpt,1/1/3 /dev/sda           (Prints all SMART info for the SATA disk attached to the 3rd PMPort            of the 1st channel on the 1st HighPoint RAID controller)   smartctl --all --device=areca,3/1 /dev/sg2           (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk of the 1st enclosure            on Areca RAID controller)

3、查看服务器上的硬盘情况

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root@pve01:~# smartctl --scan /dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,0 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_00], SCSI device /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,1 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_01], SCSI device /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,2 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_02], SCSI device /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,3 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_03], SCSI device /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,4 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_04], SCSI device /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,5 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_05], SCSI device

4、各种RAID控制器的参数

5、获取硬盘的各项参数情况

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root@pve01:~# smartctl -a -d megaraid,5 /dev/sda smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.53-1-pve] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org   === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Vendor:               SEAGATE Product:              ST2000NM0023 Revision:             GS0A Compliance:           SPC-4 User Capacity:        2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB] Logical block size:   512 bytes LU is fully provisioned Rotation Rate:        7200 rpm Form Factor:          3.5 inches Logical Unit id:      0x5000c50057f7c51f Serial number:        Z1X1KM2R Device type:          disk Transport protocol:   SAS (SPL-3) Local Time is:        Mon Sep 11 10:55:37 2023 CST SMART support is:     Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is:     Enabled Temperature Warning:  Disabled or Not Supported   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Health Status: OK   Current Drive Temperature:     44 C Drive Trip Temperature:        50 C   Accumulated power on time, hours:minutes 17425:17 Manufactured in week 52 of year 2013 Specified cycle count over device lifetime:  10000 Accumulated start-stop cycles:  9 Specified load-unload count over device lifetime:  300000 Accumulated load-unload cycles:  35768 Elements in grown defect list: 0   Vendor (Seagate Cache) information   Blocks sent to initiator = 2621212142   Blocks received from initiator = 2847   Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 3763   Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 68359   Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 0   Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information   number of hours powered up = 17425.28   number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 4   Error counter log:            Errors Corrected by           Total   Correction     Gigabytes    Total                ECC          rereads/    errors   algorithm      processed    uncorrected            fast | delayed   rewrites  corrected  invocations   [10^9 bytes]  errors read:      38164        0         0     38164          0          0.017           0 write:         0        0         0         0          0        282.140           0 verify: 644952115        0         0  644952115          0     120969.768           0   Non-medium error count:        2   No Self-tests have been logged

参考：

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https://www.smartmontools.org/browser/trunk/smartmontools/smartctl.8.in https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Supported_RAID-Controllers https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Download