django channels

django channels 是django支持websocket的一个模块。

1. 安装

1
pip3 install channels

2. 快速上手 

2.1 在settings中添加配置

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'channels',
]
 
注册channels的app

　　#配置路径

ASGI_APPLICATION = "django_channels_demo.routing.application"

2.2 创建websocket应用和路由

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.conf.urls import url
from chat import consumers
 
 
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': URLRouter([
        url(r'^chat/$', consumers.ChatConsumer),
    ])
})
 
应用和路由

　　

2.3 编写处理websocket逻辑业务

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer
 
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
 
    def websocket_connect(self, message):
        self.accept()
 
    def websocket_receive(self, message):
        print('接收到消息', message)
        self.send(text_data='收到了')
 
    def websocket_disconnect(self, message):
        print('客户端断开连接了')
        raise StopConsumer()
 
示例一

　　

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer
 
 
class SimpleChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
    def connect(self):
        self.accept()
 
    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        self.send(text_data)
 
        # 主动断开连接
        # self.close()
 
    def disconnect(self, code):
        print('客户端要断开了')
 
示例二

　　

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer
 
 
CLIENTS = []
 
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
 
    def connect(self):
        self.accept()
        CLIENTS.append(self)
 
    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        for item in CLIENTS:
            item.send(text_data)
 
        # 主动断开连接
        # self.close()
 
    def disconnect(self, code):
        CLIENTS.remove(self)
 
示例三

　　

3. channel layer

 基于内存的channel layer

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "channels.layers.InMemoryChannelLayer",
    }
}
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
 
 
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
 
    def connect(self):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)('x1', self.channel_name)
        self.accept()
 
    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)('x1', {
            'type': 'xxx.ooo',
            'message': text_data
        })
 
    def xxx_ooo(self, event):
        message = event['message']
        self.send(message)
 
    def disconnect(self, code):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)('x1', self.channel_name)
 
业务处理

　　

基于 redis的channel layer

?
1
pip3 install channels-redis

　　

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer",
        "CONFIG": {
            "hosts": [('10.211.55.25', 6379)]
        },
    },
}
 
 
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
    'CONFIG': {"hosts": ["redis://10.211.55.25:6379/1"],},
    },
}
  
 
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
    'CONFIG': {"hosts": [('10.211.55.25', 6379)],},},
}
  
 
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer",
        "CONFIG": {
            "hosts": ["redis://:password@10.211.55.25:6379/0"],
            "symmetric_encryption_keys": [SECRET_KEY],
        },
    },
}
 
配置

　　

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
 
 
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
 
    def connect(self):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)('x1', self.channel_name)
        self.accept()
 
    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)('x1', {
            'type': 'xxx.ooo',
            'message': text_data
        })
 
    def xxx_ooo(self, event):
        message = event['message']
        self.send(message)
 
    def disconnect(self, code):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)('x1', self.channel_name)
 
业务逻辑

　　

 


posted @   小林子哈哈  阅读(160)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
编辑推荐：
· 开发者必知的日志记录最佳实践
· SQL Server 2025 AI相关能力初探
· Linux系列：如何用 C#调用 C方法造成内存泄露
· AI与.NET技术实操系列（二）：开始使用ML.NET
· 记一次.NET内存居高不下排查解决与启示
阅读排行：
· 开源Multi-agent AI智能体框架aevatar.ai，欢迎大家贡献代码
· Manus重磅发布：全球首款通用AI代理技术深度解析与实战指南
· 被坑几百块钱后，我竟然真的恢复了删除的微信聊天记录！
· 没有Manus邀请码？试试免邀请码的MGX或者开源的OpenManus吧
· 园子的第一款AI主题卫衣上架——"HELLO! HOW CAN I ASSIST YOU TODAY
点击右上角即可分享
微信分享提示