Rabbitmq从入门到精通

1、消息队列

1 两个服务调用：restful(http协议)，rpc（远程过程调用）
2 rpc：远程过程调用
    -gRPC：谷歌出的，跨语言
3 不管用rpc或者restful来通信，涉及到同步，异步
4 消息队列解决的问题
    -应用解耦
    -流量消峰
    -消息分发（发布订阅：观察者模式）
    -异步消息（celery就是对消息队列的封装）
    
5 rabbitmq,kafka
    -rabbitmq:吞吐量小，消息确认，订单，对消息可靠性有要求，就用它
    -kafka：吞吐量高，注重高吞吐量，不注重消息的可靠性，数据量特别大
    
6 电商、金融等对事务性要求很高的，可以考虑RabbitMQ
7 日志--》Kafka

 

2、Rabbitmq

2.1 安装

1 原生安装
    -安装扩展epel源
    -yum -y install erlang
    -yum -y install rabbitmq-server
    -systemctl start rabbitmq-server

2 docker拉取
    -docker pull rabbitmq:management（自动开启了web管理界面）
    -docker run -di --name rabbitmq -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 rabbitmq:management

3 5672：是rabbitmq的默认端口
  15672：web管理界面的端口
    
    
4 创建用户
rabbitmqctl add_user lqz 123
5 分配权限
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags lqz administrator
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" zhzhang ".*" ".*" ".*"

 

2.2 基本使用

# 生产者

# pika
# pip3 install pika

import pika
# 拿到连接对象
# connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166'))
# 有用户名密码的情况
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin","admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166',credentials=credentials))
# 拿到channel对象
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')  # 指定队列名字

# 生产者向队列中放一条消息
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='lqz js nb')
print(" Sent 'Hello World!'")
# 关闭连接
connection.close()

# 消费者


import pika, sys, os

def main():
    # connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='101.133.225.166'))
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
    channel = connection.channel()

    channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

    channel.basic_consume(queue='hello', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

    channel.start_consuming()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

 

2.3 消息确认机制

# 生产者
# pika
# pip3 install pika

import pika
# 拿到连接对象
# connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166'))
# 有用户名密码的情况
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin","admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166',credentials=credentials))
# 拿到channel对象
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz')  # 指定队列名字

# 生产者向队列中放一条消息
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='lqz',
                      body='lqz jssss nb')
print(" lqz jssss nb'")
# 关闭连接
connection.close()

# 消费者
import pika, sys, os

def main():
    # connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='101.133.225.166'))
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
    channel = connection.channel()

    channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz')

    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
        # 真正的消息处理完了，再发确认
        ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
    ## 不会自动回复确认消息，
    ## auto_ack=True，队列收到确认，就会自动把消费过的消息删除
    channel.basic_consume(queue='lqz', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)

    channel.start_consuming()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

 

2.4 持久化

#在声明队列时，指定持久化
channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz_new',durable=True)  
# 声明消息持久化
在发布消息的时候，
                    properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                         delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                      )
    
    
## 生产者
# pika
# pip3 install pika

import pika
# 拿到连接对象
# connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166'))
# 有用户名密码的情况
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin","admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166',credentials=credentials))
# 拿到channel对象
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz_new',durable=True)  # 指定队列名字

# 生产者向队列中放一条消息
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='lqz_new',
                      body='lqz jssss nb',
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                      )
                      )
print(" lqz jssss nb'")
# 关闭连接
connection.close()


### 消费者
import pika, sys, os

def main():
    # connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='101.133.225.166'))
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
    channel = connection.channel()

    channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz_new',durable=True)

    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
        # 真正的消息处理完了，再发确认
        ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
    ## 不会自动回复确认消息，
    ## auto_ack=True，队列收到确认，就会自动把消费过的消息删除
    channel.basic_consume(queue='lqz_new', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)

    channel.start_consuming()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

 

2.5 闲置消费

#就只有这一句话 谁闲置谁获取，没必要按照顺序一个一个来
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 



## 生产者
# pika
# pip3 install pika

import pika
# 拿到连接对象
# connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166'))
# 有用户名密码的情况
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin","admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166',credentials=credentials))
# 拿到channel对象
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz')  # 指定队列名字

# 生产者向队列中放一条消息
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='lqz',
                      body='lqz jssss nb')
print(" lqz jssss nb'")
# 关闭连接
connection.close()

### 消费者1
import pika, sys, os

def main():
    # connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='101.133.225.166'))
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
    channel = connection.channel()

    channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz')

    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        import time
        time.sleep(50)
        print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
        # 真正的消息处理完了，再发确认
        ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
    ## 不会自动回复确认消息，
    ## auto_ack=True，队列收到确认，就会自动把消费过的消息删除
    channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)  #####就只有这一句话 谁闲置谁获取，没必要按照顺序一个一个来
    channel.basic_consume(queue='lqz', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)

    channel.start_consuming()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()


###消费者2
import pika, sys, os

def main():
    # connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='101.133.225.166'))
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
    channel = connection.channel()

    channel.queue_declare(queue='lqz')

    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
        # 真正的消息处理完了，再发确认
        ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
    ## 不会自动回复确认消息，
    ## auto_ack=True，队列收到确认，就会自动把消费过的消息删除
    channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)  #####就只有这一句话 谁闲置谁获取，没必要按照顺序一个一个来
    channel.basic_consume(queue='lqz', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)

    channel.start_consuming()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

 

2.6 发布订阅

## 发布者
import pika


credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明队列没有指定名字，指定了exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')

message = "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()


## 订阅者（启动多次，会创建出多个队列，都绑定到了同一个exchange上）
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(
    queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

 

2.7 关键字

### 发布者
import pika


credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明队列没有指定名字，指定了exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='lqz123', exchange_type='direct')

message = "info: asdfasdfasdfsadfasdf World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='lqz123', routing_key='bnb', body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()


### 订阅者1
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='lqz123', exchange_type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

channel.queue_bind(exchange='lqz123', queue=queue_name,routing_key='nb')

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(
    queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()


####订阅者2
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='lqz123', exchange_type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

channel.queue_bind(exchange='lqz123', queue=queue_name,routing_key='nb')
channel.queue_bind(exchange='lqz123', queue=queue_name,routing_key='bnb')

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(
    queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

 

2.8 模糊匹配

# 表示后面可以跟任意字符
*表示后面只能跟一个单词

###发布者
import pika


credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明队列没有指定名字，指定了exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='m3', exchange_type='topic')

message = "info: asdfasdfasdfsadfasdf World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='m3', routing_key='lqz.dd', body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()


### 订阅者1 
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='m3', exchange_type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

channel.queue_bind(exchange='m3', queue=queue_name,routing_key='lqz.*')

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(
    queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()


###订阅者2 
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='m3', exchange_type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

channel.queue_bind(exchange='m3', queue=queue_name,routing_key='lqz.#')
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(
    queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

 

2.9 通过rabbitmq实现rpc

RPC（Remote Procedure Call）远程过程调用，简单的理解是一个节点请求另一个节点提供的服务

https://www.jianshu.com/p/7d6853140e13

 

### 服务端
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=credentials))
channel = connection.channel()


channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')

def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    elif n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)

def on_request(ch, method, props, body):
    n = int(body)

    print(" [.] fib(%s)" % n)
    response = fib(n)

    ch.basic_publish(exchange='',
                     routing_key=props.reply_to,
                     properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id = \
                                                         props.correlation_id),
                     body=str(response))
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue='rpc_queue', on_message_callback=on_request)

print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")
channel.start_consuming()

## 客户端

import pika
import uuid

class FibonacciRpcClient(object):

    def __init__(self):

        self.credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("admin", "admin")
        self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('101.133.225.166', credentials=self.credentials))
        self.channel = self.connection.channel()

        result = self.channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
        self.callback_queue = result.method.queue

        self.channel.basic_consume(
            queue=self.callback_queue,
            on_message_callback=self.on_response,
            auto_ack=True)

    def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):
        if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:
            self.response = body

    def call(self, n):
        self.response = None
        self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
        self.channel.basic_publish(
            exchange='',
            routing_key='rpc_queue',
            properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                reply_to=self.callback_queue,
                correlation_id=self.corr_id,
            ),
            body=str(n))
        while self.response is None:
            self.connection.process_data_events()
        return int(self.response)


fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()

print(" [x] Requesting fib(30)")
response = fibonacci_rpc.call(10)  # 外界看上去，就像调用本地的call()函数一样
print(" [.] Got %r" % response)