《剑指offer》第三题I:找出数组中重复的数字
// 面试题3(一):找出数组中重复的数字,可修改数组 // 题目:在一个长度为n的数组里的所有数字都在0到n-1的范围内。数组中某些数字是重复的,但不知道有几个数字重复了, // 也不知道每个数字重复了几次。请找出数组中任意一个重复的数字。例如,如果输入长度为7的数组{2, 3, 1, 0, 2, 5, 3}, // 那么对应的输出是重复的数字2或者3。 #include <cstdio> bool duplicate(int* numbers, int length, int* num) { //鲁棒性测试 1.空指针或者长度无效 2.超出0到n-1范围 //问题1:少考虑了length<=0 if (numbers == nullptr || length <= 0) { return false; } for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { if (numbers[i] < 0 || numbers[i] > length - 1) { return false; } } //主要思想:数组范围[0, n-1],无重复情况 numbers[i] = i // 将numbers[i]与其对应位置值做对比, 如果相等则为重复值,如不等交换值. for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { while (numbers[i] != i) //在本位置的跳过 { if (numbers[i] == numbers[numbers[i]]) //与其位置值相等 { *num = numbers[i]; return true; } //不相等, 交换值 int temp = numbers[i]; //temp为位置索引 numbers[i] = numbers[temp]; numbers[temp] = temp; //问题2:没有注意赋值顺序 //int temp = numbers[numbers[i]]; //如先赋给numbers[i] //numbers[numbers[i]] = numbers[i]; //则numbers[numbers[i]]值非预期更改 //numbers[i] = temp; } } return false; } // ====================测试代码==================== bool contains(int array[], int length, int number) { for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { if (array[i] == number) return true; } return false; } void test(const char* testName, int numbers[], int lengthNumbers, int expected[], int expectedExpected, bool validArgument) { printf("%s begins: ", testName); int duplication; bool validInput = duplicate(numbers, lengthNumbers, &duplication); if (validArgument == validInput) { if (validArgument) { if (contains(expected, expectedExpected, duplication)) printf("Passed.\n"); else printf("FAILED.\n"); } else printf("Passed.\n"); } else printf("FAILED.\n"); } // 重复的数字是数组中最小的数字 void test1() { int numbers[] = { 2, 1, 3, 1, 4 }; int duplications[] = { 1 }; test("Test1", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), true); } // 重复的数字是数组中最大的数字 void test2() { int numbers[] = { 2, 4, 3, 1, 4 }; int duplications[] = { 4 }; test("Test2", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), true); } // 数组中存在多个重复的数字 void test3() { int numbers[] = { 2, 4, 2, 1, 4 }; int duplications[] = { 2, 4 }; test("Test3", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), true); } // 没有重复的数字 void test4() { int numbers[] = { 2, 1, 3, 0, 4 }; int duplications[] = { -1 }; // not in use in the test function test("Test4", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), false); } // 没有重复的数字 void test5() { int numbers[] = { 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 }; int duplications[] = { -1 }; // not in use in the test function test("Test5", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), false); } // 无效的输入 void test6() { int* numbers = nullptr; int duplications[] = { -1 }; // not in use in the test function test("Test6", numbers, 0, duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), false); } void main() { test1(); test2(); test3(); test4(); test5(); test6(); } //sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int)计算数组大小很巧妙