JavaScript对象 创建对象(一)

创建对象  --以下内容来自JavaScript高级程序设计

工厂模式

用函数来封装以特定接口创建对象的细节。

        function createPerson(name, age, job){
            var o = new Object();
            o.name = name;
            o.age = age;
            o.job = job;
            o.sayName = function(){
                alert(this.name);
            };    
            return o;
        }
        
        var person1 = createPerson("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
        var person2 = createPerson("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
        
        person1.sayName();   //"Nicholas"
        person2.sayName();   //"Greg"

构造函数
用来创建特定类型的对象

        function Person(name, age, job){
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.job = job;
            this.sayName = function(){
                alert(this.name);
            };    
        }
        
        var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
        var person2 = new Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
        
        person1.sayName();   //"Nicholas"
        person2.sayName();   //"Greg"
        
        alert(person1 instanceof Object);  //true
        alert(person1 instanceof Person);  //true
        alert(person2 instanceof Object);  //true
        alert(person2 instanceof Person);  //true
        
        alert(person1.constructor == Person);  //true
        alert(person2.constructor == Person);  //true
        
        //不同实例的同名函数是不相等的,每个方法都要在每个实例上重新创建一次。
        alert(person1.sayName == person2.sayName);  //false 

 

        function Person(name, age, job){
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.job = job;
            this.sayName = sayName;
        }
        
        //把函数定义转移到构造函数外部,作为全局函数,没有封装性
        function sayName(){
            alert(this.name);
        }
        
        var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
        var person2 = new Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
        
        person1.sayName();   //"Nicholas"
        person2.sayName();   //"Greg"
        
        alert(person1 instanceof Object);  //true
        alert(person1 instanceof Person);  //true
        alert(person2 instanceof Object);  //true
        alert(person2 instanceof Person);  //true
        
        alert(person1.constructor == Person);  //true
        alert(person2.constructor == Person);  //true
        
        alert(person1.sayName == person2.sayName);  //true   

 原型模式

每个函数都有一个原型属性,它指向一个对象,这个对象包含由特定类型实例共享的属性和方法。使用原型对象可以使所有对象实例共享它所包含的属性和方法。

        function Person(){
        }
        
        Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
        Person.prototype.age = 29;
        Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
        Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
            alert(this.name);
        };
        
        var person1 = new Person();
        person1.sayName();   //"Nicholas"
        
        var person2 = new Person();
        person2.sayName();   //"Nicholas"
      
        alert(person1.sayName == person2.sayName);  //true
        
        alert(Person.prototype.isPrototypeOf(person1));  //true
        alert(Person.prototype.isPrototypeOf(person2));  //true
        
        //only works if Object.getPrototypeOf() is available
        if (Object.getPrototypeOf){
            alert(Object.getPrototypeOf(person1) == Person.prototype);  //true
            alert(Object.getPrototypeOf(person1).name);  //"Nicholas"
        }
alert(Person.prototype.constructor == Person); //true

in操作符:当对象能够访问给定的属性时,返回true,不论改属性在实例还是原型中。hasOwnProperty()只针对对象实例。自定义hasPrototypeProperty()监测原型对象中的属性。

        function hasPrototypeProperty(object, name){
            return !object.hasOwnProperty(name) && (name in object);
        }

 不是所有的属性都是可枚举的 ECMAScript5中constructor和prototype都是不可枚举的。Object.keys()可以取得对象的上所有可枚举的属性。

        function Person() {
        }

        Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
        Person.prototype.age = 29;
        Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
        Person.prototype.sayName = function () {
            alert(this.name);
        };

        var keys = Object.keys(Person.prototype);
        alert(keys);   //"name,age,job,sayName"

        //返回所有属性
        var k0 = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Person.prototype);
        alert(k0);   //"constructor,name,age,job,sayName"

        var person1 = new Person();
        person1.name = "yuansong";
        person1.age = 28;

        var k1 = Object.keys(person1);
        alert(k1);//"name,age"

原型的动态性
尽管我们可以随时的为原型添加属性和方法,并且修改能够立即在所有对象实例中反应出来,但是重写整个原型对象就不一样了。

        function Person(){
        }
        
        var friend = new Person();
                
        Person.prototype = {
            constructor: Person,
            name : "Nicholas",
            age : 29,
            job : "Software Engineer",
            sayName : function () {
                alert(this.name);
            }
        };
        
        friend.sayName();   //error


原型对象的问题

原型对象中的所有属性是被很多实例共享的,这对于包含原始类型值的属性没有影响,但对于包含引用类型值得属性来说,比较问题就严重了。。。

        function Person(){
        }
        
        Person.prototype = {
            constructor: Person,
            name : "Nicholas",
            age : 29,
            job : "Software Engineer",
            friends : ["Shelby", "Court"],
            sayName : function () {
                alert(this.name);
            }
        };
        
        var person1 = new Person();
        var person2 = new Person();
        
        person1.friends.push("Van");
        
        alert(person1.friends);    //"Shelby,Court,Van"
        alert(person2.friends);    //"Shelby,Court,Van"
        alert(person1.friends === person2.friends);  //true

 

posted on 2014-08-07 21:43  YuanSong  阅读(158)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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