C# 文件操作
在.NET Framework中进行的所有的输入和输出工作都要用到流(stream),流是序列化设备(serial device)的抽象表示。
System.IO包含了用于在文件中读写数据的类。
File 类 静态实用类 提供静态方法 用于移动 复制和删除文件
Directory 类静态实用类 提供静态方法 用于移动 复制和删除文件
Path 类 用于处理路径名称
FileInfo 类 表示磁盘上的物理文件,该类包含处理文件的方法。要完成对文件的读写工作,必须创建Stream对象。
DirectoryInfo 类 表示磁盘上的文件,包含处理目录的方法。
FileStreamInfo 用作FileInfo和DirectoryInfo的基类,可以使用多态性同时处理文件和目录。
FileStream类 表示可读可写,或者均可的文件,此文件可以同步或一部的读写。
SreamReader 从流中读取字符数据,可使用FileStream将其创建为基类。
StreamWriter 向流中写入数据,使用FileStream将其创建为基类。
FileSystemWatcher 用于监控文件和目录,提供了这些文件和目录发生变化时应用程序可以捕获的事件。
System.IO.Compression 它允许使用GZIP压缩或Default压缩模式读写压缩文件。
System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary命名空间中的BinaryFormatter类允许把对象序列化为二进制数据流,并可以反序列化这些数据。
FileStream aFile = new FileStream(filename,FileMode.Member,FileAccess.Member);
FileStream aFile = File.OpenRead(“Data.txt”);
FileInfo aFileInfo = new FileInfo(“Data.txt”);
FileStream aFile = aFileInfo.OpenRead();
DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(Path);
FileSystemInfo[]fsi = dir.GetFileSystemInfos);//获取所有子目录及文件
文件位置
Seek()方法。
AFile.Seek(8,SeekOrigin.Begin);//将文件指针移动到文件的第八个字节。
FileStream myReadStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Read); myReadStream.Seek(6, SeekOrigin.Begin); myReadStream.Read(byData, 0, 128);
StreamReader 类
实现一个 TextReader,使其以一种特定的编码从字节流中读取字符。
StreamReader 旨在以一种特定的编码输入字符,而 Stream 类用于字节的输入和输出。使用 StreamReader 读取标准文本文件的各行信息。
除非另外指定,StreamReader 的默认编码为 UTF-8,而不是当前系统的 ANSI 代码页。UTF-8 可以正确处理 Unicode 字符并在操作系统的本地化版本上提供一致的结果。
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try { // Create an instance of StreamReader to read from a file. // The using statement also closes the StreamReader. using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("TestFile.txt")) { String line; // Read and display lines from the file until the end of // the file is reached. while ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { Console.WriteLine(line); } } } catch (Exception e) { // Let the user know what went wrong. Console.WriteLine("The file could not be read:"); Console.WriteLine(e.Message); }
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string path = @"c:\temp\MyTest.txt"; try { if (File.Exists(path)) { File.Delete(path); } using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(path)) { sw.WriteLine("This"); sw.WriteLine("is some text"); sw.WriteLine("to test"); sw.WriteLine("Reading"); } using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(path)) { while (sr.Peek() >= 0) { Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadLine()); } } } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("The process failed: {0}", e.ToString()); }
读取数据最简单的方法是Read()方法。
此方法将流的下一个字符作为正整数值返回,如果达到流的结尾处,返回-1.使用Convert实用类把这个值转化为字符。
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader();
Int nChar;
nChar=sr.Read();
While(nChar!=-1)
{
Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(nChar));
nChar = sr.Read();
}
Sr.Close();
StreamWriter 类
实现一个 TextWriter,使其以一种特定的编码向流中写入字符。
FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.CreateNew, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);
StreamWriter swFromFile = new StreamWriter(logFile);
swFromFile.Write(textToAdd);
swFromFile.Flush();
swFromFile.Close();
文件属性
FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(path);
//去掉隐藏属性
fileInfo.Attributes &= ~FileAttributes.Hidden;
//去掉只读属性
fileInfo.Attributes &= ~FileAttributes.ReadOnly;
添加隐藏属性
fileInfo.Attributes |= FileAttributes.Hidden;
GetAttibutes()和SetAttributes()方法可以获取或设定文件属性。
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public void FindFile(string dir) { string[] Alldir = Directory.GetDirectories(dir); try { foreach (string Strdir in Alldir) { FindFile(Strdir + "\\"); listBox1.Items.Add(Strdir + "\\");//添加目录名 } foreach (string Strfile in Directory.GetFiles(dir)) { listBox1.Items.Add(Strfile); } } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string path = ""; if (folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { path = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; } if (path.Length > 1) { if (path[path.Length - 1] != '\\') { path += "\\"; } } FindFile(path); //DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(path); //FileSystemInfo[] fsi = dir.GetFileSystemInfos(); //foreach (FileSystemInfo f in fsi) //{ // listBox1.Items.Add(f.FullName); //} }
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public static void SaveCompressionFile(string fileName, string data) { FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write); GZipStream compressionStream = new GZipStream(fileStream, CompressionMode.Compress); StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(compressionStream); writer.Write(data); writer.Close(); } public static string LoadCompressionFile(string fileName) { FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); GZipStream compressionStream = new GZipStream(fileStream, CompressionMode.Decompress); StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(compressionStream); string data = reader.ReadToEnd(); return data; } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string path = ""; openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = "c:\\"; openFileDialog1.Filter = "txt files (*.txt)|*.txt|All files (*.*)|*.*"; openFileDialog1.FilterIndex = 2; openFileDialog1.RestoreDirectory = true; if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { path = openFileDialog1.FileName; //return new FileStream(path, System.IO.FileMode.Open,System.IO.FileAccess.ReadWrite); } try { label1.Text = textBox1.Text.Length.ToString(); SaveCompressionFile(path, textBox1.Text.Trim()); FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(path); label2.Text = fileInfo.Length.ToString(); textBox2.Text = LoadCompressionFile(path); } catch(IOException ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } }
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class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { DriveInfo[] Drives; ArrayList hardDisk = new ArrayList(); ; Drives = DriveInfo.GetDrives(); int drvCount = Drives.Length; Console.WriteLine("本地计算机上共有逻辑驱动器 " + drvCount + " 个,分别是:"); foreach (DriveInfo item in Drives) { Console.Write(item + "\t"); if (item.DriveType == DriveType.Fixed) { hardDisk.Add(item.ToString()); } } Console.WriteLine("\n本地计算机上共有本地驱动器 " + hardDisk.Count + " 个,分别是:"); foreach (var Disk in hardDisk) { Console.Write(Disk + "\t"); } string drvName = @"E:\"; DriveInfo drvInfo = new DriveInfo(drvName); Console.WriteLine("驱动器E的信息如下:"); Console.WriteLine("名 称: " + drvInfo.Name); Console.WriteLine("卷 标: " + drvInfo.VolumeLabel); Console.WriteLine("驱动器类型: " + drvInfo.DriveType); Console.WriteLine("文件系统类型: " + drvInfo.DriveFormat); Console.WriteLine("总共空间大小:" + drvInfo.TotalSize); Console.WriteLine("剩余空间大小:" + drvInfo.TotalFreeSpace); Console.WriteLine("根目录:" + drvInfo .RootDirectory ); //string path = @"D:\My Documents"; //string[] AllFile = Directory.GetFiles(path); //ArrayList picFile = new ArrayList(); //for (int i = 0; i < AllFile.Length; i++) //{ // FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(AllFile[i]); // if (fi.Extension == ".jpg" || fi.Extension == ".bmp") // picFile.Add(AllFile[i]); //} //foreach (string file in picFile) //{ // Console.WriteLine(file); //} //Console.WriteLine("共找到符合条件的:{0}个文件", picFile.Count.ToString()); //string path = @"C:\aaa\bbb\ccc\dddd"; //if (!Directory.Exists(path)) //{ // Directory.CreateDirectory(path); //} ////Directory类的Exists()方法用来判断目录是否存在,存在则返回true; ////Directory类的CreateDirectory()方法用来创建目录 //得到所有文件 //string[] AllFile = Directory.GetFiles(@"d:\Test"); //foreach (string file in AllFile) //{ // File.Delete(file); //} //string filepath = @"D:\WorkList.txt"; ////string filepath = @"F:\VStest\file.txt"; //FileInfo myfile = new FileInfo(filepath); //FileStream fs = myfile.Create(); //fs.Close(); //myfile.Refresh(); //myfile.Delete(); Console.ReadKey(); } }
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