Nginx实现四层代理（五）

1.L4 vs L7

Nginx/Tengine	四层负载	七层负载
共同点	转发与处理数据	转发与处理数据
工作层次不同	传输层（tcp、udp）	应用层/https、请求URI
应用场景不同	端口，非web服务器使用，比如数据库，或者某个应用。	用于大部分web服务 http/https协议，根据域名、uri等等
效率	如果使用四层并且追求性能，推荐lvs即可	七层相对四层来说，开销还要更大一些

Tips：大部分七层负载即可，追求性能可以考虑四层（LVS DR模式）

2. 环境准备

主机	IP
web01	172.16.1.7	创建端口8848	nc -kl 8848
web02	172.16.1.8	创建端口8848	nc -kl 8848
lb01	10.0.0.5	进行转发8888	stream模块

2.1 下载nginx源码包

之前lb01就已经通过yum安装过nginx，但是默认不支持stream这个模块，需要重新编译。版本如下

#查看nginx版本
[root@lb01 ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1


#查看nginx的详细编译信息
[root@lb01 ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1k  FIPS 25 Mar 2021
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-debug --with-file-aio --with-google_perftools_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-threads --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'


#下载源码包
[root@lb01 ~]# mkdir -p /server/soft
[root@lb01 ~]# wget -O /server/soft/nginx.tar.gz http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz

2.2 备份原nginx文件

[root@lb01 ~]# mv /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx.bak
[root@lb01 ~]# cp -r /etc/nginx{,.bak}

2.3 重新编译nginx

在源码包目录下检查模块是否支持，比如这次添加 stream 模块

[root@lb01 ~]# cd /server/soft/nginx-1.20.1/
[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure --help | grep with-stream
  --with-stream                      enable TCP/UDP proxy module
  --with-stream=dynamic              enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module
  --with-stream_ssl_module           enable ngx_stream_ssl_module
  --with-stream_realip_module        enable ngx_stream_realip_module
  --with-stream_geoip_module         enable ngx_stream_geoip_module
  --with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_stream_geoip_module
  --with-stream_ssl_preread_module   enable ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module

Tips：disable表示已有该模块，编译时不需要添加。enable表示不支持，需要编译时自己添加！

根据前面查到的已有的模块，加上本次需新增的模块--with-stream

[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-debug --with-file-aio --with-google_perftools_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-threads --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E' --with-stream

Tips：make完成后不要继续输入make install，以免现在的nginx出现问题！

以上编译时，如出现缺少依赖一般需要安装以下模块，安装完再次编译：

yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt-devel 
yum -y install gd-devel 
yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed 
yum -y install GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data
yum -y install pcre-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
yum -y install gcc 
yum -y install redhat-rpm-config
yum -y install gperftools
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel 

先验证一下

[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.1]# objs/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.1]# objs/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-debug --with-file-aio --with-google_perftools_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-threads --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E' --with-stream

2.4 替换nginx并重启

进行替换操作并重启nginx，最后通过reload检查模块参数（看最后）

[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.1]# cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/
[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.1]# systemctl reload nginx
[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.1]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-debug --with-file-aio --with-google_perftools_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-threads --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E' --with-stream

3. 配置stream模块

lb01下进行（stream与http平级）

[root@lb01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
}
stream {
   upstream l4_pools {
       server 172.16.1.7:8848;
       server 172.16.1.8:8848;

   }

   server {
       listen 8888;
       proxy_pass l4_pools;

   }
}

重新加载配置文件

[root@lb01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx

结束之前的nginx进程

[root@lb01 ~]# pkill nginx

查看端口状态

[root@lb01 ~]# ss -lntup | grep 8888
tcp    LISTEN     0      128       *:8888                  *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=86056,fd=8),("nginx",pid=86055,fd=8))

4. 测试

ms01主机上通过连接lb01主机上的8888端口，经过lb01主机上nginx配置的strerm模块进行转发到后端节点（web01、web02）上，实现四层转发。