ubuntu16.04搭建ftp服务器

  哎呀呀呀晕晕晕晕晕晕!先来叹气一波,花费了一天的时间

  环境:虚拟机

  搭建原因:虚拟机上挂载U盘失败后就想到了使用ftp文件上传下载,于是行动

  搭建过程:ubuntu安装ftp很简单:

      

sudo apt-get update 

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

[vsftpd --version 检测是否安装]

 

     ftp配置是很有学问的,必须要强调的是如果你的ftp服务无法启动,十有八九就是配置文件的配置错误

     配置参考如下:

  

listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES


# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.


# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
# pam_service_name=vsftpd
pam_service_name=ftp

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES
上面的配置文件中,我不是很熟悉,我挑一些我稍微知道的讲。

listen=NO不了解,我查看了很多博客,这个设置的是YES,但是我设置成YES,登陆直接被拒绝。
anonymous_enable=NO拒绝匿名登陆
write_enable=YES设置可以上传文件,这个设置看需要个人需要
xferlog_enable=YES开启日志记录
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log设置日志文件路径
xferlog_std_format=YES设置日志格式为标准输出
connect_from_port_20=YES绑定20端口
ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.欢迎语句,在使用shell时可以看到
下面这几个的设置比较重要:

chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 
上面的这几个配置实现的功能是:用户被限制在自己的主目录下。用户名单来源于/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list。 
具体可以参考:http://blog.csdn.net/bluishglc/article/details/42398811
一个重要的配置

pam_service_name=ftp原配置中为vsftpd,ubuntu用户需要更改成ftp
关于编码:

utf8_filesystem=YES 
不知道这项有没有起作用,上传的文件不乱码,用浏览器打开是乱码(浏览器编码问题?),使用windows自带的文件资源管理器是没有乱码的,使用filezila乱码。
创建用户:

mkdir /home/username
sudo useradd username -g ftp -d /home/username -m username
sudo passwd username's password
mkdir /home/username/pub
chmod 777 -R /home/username/pub新建一个pub目录用于存放文件,并且赋予全部访问权限
usermod -s /sbin/nologin username限制用户username只能通过ftp登陆,而不能直接登陆服务器

重要的一点:

新建/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list将username放进去
启动vsftpd或者重启

systemctl start vsftpd或者service vsftpd start
systemctl restart vsftpd或者service vsftpd restart
登陆:

在windows的文件资源管理器或者在浏览器中打开ftp://your_server_ip输入账号密码,即可用登陆。浏览器中只能查看,文件操作如新建等需要在window的文件资源管理器中或者filezila中进行。

测试 

  使用filezilla等工具

  

现在在windows下打开cmd窗口,执行命令:

ftp [你的linux机器的ip地址]
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  linux下查看ip地址的命令为:

ifconfig
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  执行完ftp命令后,如果连接成功,会让你输入用户名和密码,输入我们刚刚添加的用户uftp的用户名和密码即可: 
  image_1b6e2jfpi1okq1obiiajsdg3ebm.png-18.4kB

  命令pwd和lcd分别可以查看远程linux下和本地windows下的当前目录: 
   
  image_1b6e2lanng2bk8611i3ns21emb13.png-9.2kB 
   
  现在在linux下的目录/home/uftp下新建文件test_ftp_download.txt,在windows下的家目录(我的为C:\Users\40696)下新建文件test_ftp_upload.txt,分别用来测试下载和上传功能: 
  

下载文件使用命令:get [文件名]
上传文件使用命令:put [文件名]
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  image_1b6e2td69155h1cr71bsod5b14u91g.png-26.8kB

    

posted @ 2018-01-09 17:25  yangboom  阅读(27203)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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