Spring学习笔记-2
Spring相关API
ApplicationContext的实现类
- ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
- 从类的根目录下加载配置文件,推荐使用
- FileSystemXmlApplicationContext
- 从磁盘路径上加载配置文件,配置文件可以在磁盘的任意位置
- AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
- 使用注解配置容器对象时,需要使用此类来创建Spring容器,它用来读取注解
getBean()方法使用
//通过id匹配
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserDao userDao1 = (UserDao) app.getBean("userDao");
//通过字节码对象匹配
UserDao userDao = app.getBean(UserDao.class);
Spring配置数据源
导入数据源坐标和数据库驱动坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.27</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles</groupId>
<artifactId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles.c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.5_1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.8</version>
</dependency>
创建数据源对象
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/><!--加载外部properties文件-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
设置数据源的基本连接数据
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.cj.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
使用数据源获取连接资源和归还连接资源
public class DataSourceTest {
@Test
//测试Spring容器产生数据源对象
public void test4() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DataSource dataSource = app.getBean(DataSource.class);
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
}
抽取properties配置文件
<!--抽取properties:
先引入命名空间:xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
约束路径:http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/spring-context.xsd-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/><!--加载外部properties文件-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
Spring注解开发(替代配置文件)
Spring原始注解(主要是替代Bean配置)
注解 | 说明 |
---|---|
@Component | 使用在类上用于实例化Bean |
@Controller | 使用在Web层上用于实例化Bean |
@Service | 使用在service上用于实例化Bean |
@Repository | 使用在dao上用于实例化Bean |
@Autowired | 使用在字段上用于根据类型注入依赖 |
@Qualifier | 结合@Autowired一起使用用于根据名称进行依赖注入 |
@Resource | 相当于@Autowired+@Qualifier,按照名称进行注入 |
@Value | 注入普通属性 |
@Scoop | 标准Bean的作用范围 |
@PostConstruct | 使用在方法上标注该方法时Bean的初始化方法 |
@PreDestory | 使用在方法上标注该方法时Bean的销毁方法 |
原始注解入门
<!--注解开发时需要在配置文件中配置组件扫描,作用时指定哪个包下的Bean需要进行扫描以便识别使用注解配置的类、字段和方法-->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.example"/>
//@Component("userDao")
@Repository("userDao")//实例化Bean
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println("Save running....");
}
}
//@Component("userService")
@Service("userService")
@Scope("singleton")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
// @Autowired//按照数据类型从Spring容器中进行匹配
// @Qualifier("userDao")//是按照id值从容器中进行匹配,但此处@Qualifier要结合@Autowired一起使用
@Resource(name = "userDao")
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println(driver);
userDao.save();
}
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
System.out.println("Server对象初始化方法....");
}
@PreDestroy
public void destory(){
System.out.println("Service对象销毁方法....");
}
}
//测试
public class UserController {
public static void main(String[] args){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
app.close();
}
}
Spring新注解
注解 | 说明 |
---|---|
@Configuration | 用于指定当前类是一个Spring配置类,当创建容器时会从该类上加载注解 |
@ComponentScan | 用于指定Spring在初始化时要扫描的包,作用与在Spring的xml配置文件中的 <context:component-scan base-package="org.example"/> 一样 |
@Bean | 使用在方法上,标注将该方法的返回值存储到Spring容器中 |
@PropertySource | 用于加载.properties文件中的配置 |
@Import | 用于导入其他配置类 |
Spring使用示例
@Configuration//标志该类是Spring核心配置类
@ComponentScan("org.example")//扫描
@Import(DataSourceConfiguration.class)//引入配置类
public class SpringConfiguration {
}
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")//加载配置
public class DataSourceConfiguration {
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")//注入
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean("dataSource")//返回值存储到Spring容器
public DataSource getDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUser(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
}
public class UserController {
public static void main(String[] args){
// ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
ApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
}
}
Spring集成Junit
-
让SpringJunit复制创建Spring容器,但是需要将配置文件的名称告诉它
-
让需要进行测试的Bean直接在测试类中进行注入
Spring集成Junit示例
<!--导入Spring集成Junit坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.3.17</version>
</dependency>
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //使用@Runwith注解替换原来的运行期
//@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class) //使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置类或配置文件
public class SpringJunitTest {
@Autowired //使用@Autowired注入需要测试的对象
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@Test //创建测试方法进行测试
public void test1() throws SQLException {
userService.save();
System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
}
}
Spring集成web环境
示例
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.3.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 全局初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
WebApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
}
}