Cygwin使用

转载：http://w.gdu.me/wiki/cygwin/index.html

Cygwin使用

Update: 2013-01-04

• Cygwin
• RedHat Cygwin
• KeepassX_SecureCRT

常用软件安装

• 安装Cygwin时，应安装上：wget, tar, gawk, bzip2, nc, xz, openssh

安装apt-cyg

• 修改x86/x86_64源、xz压缩包支持的apt-cyg:apt-cyg

  #wget http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/apt-cyg
  wget http://w.gdu.me/wiki/files/shell/apt-cyg
  chmod +x apt-cyg
  mv apt-cyg /usr/local/bin/
  apt-cyg --help
  cygcheck --help
  # 修改软件源
  apt-cyg --mirror http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin
   
  # ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/cygwin
  # http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin
  # ftp://ftp.ges.redhat.com/private/releng/cygwin-1.8

  
  
  
• 201308后Cygwin版本变更，需修改apt-cyg(使用上面已修改过的版本即可)
  • 软件源路径变更
    • 2013-080-08后Cygwin分为x86、x86_64两个安装包，源路径也改不同路径(x86、x86_64)，因此apt-cyg下载setup.bz2和setup.ini时发生404错误。

      vim /usr/loccal/bin/apt-cyg
      # 将:
      wget -N $mirror/setup.bz2
      wget -N $mirror/setup.ini
      # 改为：
      wget -N $mirror/x86/setup.bz2
      wget -N $mirror/x86/setup.ini
      # 或:
      wget -N $mirror/x86_64/setup.bz2
      wget -N $mirror/x86_64/setup.ini

      
      
      
  • 添加xz压缩包支持

    diff apt-cyg apt-cyg.bak
    353,358c353
    <     echo $file | grep ".xz$" >/dev/null 2>&1
    <     if [ "$?" = "0" ];then
    <       cat $file | xz -d | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /
    <     else
    <       cat $file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /
    <     fi
    ---
    >     cat $file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /

    
    
    

安装常用工具

# apt-cyg install man cygwin-doc
apt-cyg install vim screen wget subversion openssh pwgen gzip bzip2 curl rsync bash-completion \
 lftp nc tree p7zip connect-proxy util-linux bind-utils inetutils

安装python环境

apt-cyg install python python-crypto

• 安装easy_install
  • 参考：http://atbrox.com/2009/09/21/how-to-get-pipvirtualenvfabric-working-on-cygwin/

    wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
    sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
     
    easy_install pip
    pip install moin

常用工具设置

Cygwin终端

• ~/.minttyrc

  BoldAsFont=no
  Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid
  FontHeight=12
  #BackgroundColour=0,43,53
  BackgroundColour=11,22,33
  ForegroundColour=191,191,191
  FontSmoothing=full

  
  
  
• 颜色、字体选择参数

  背景颜色：(RGB)0,40,51;或11,22,33(就是这个Wiki页面的背景色)
  字体颜色：(RGB)31,148,150(较暗);或191,191,191
  目录颜色：(RGB)255,128,128
  压缩文件颜色：(RGB)128,128,0
  
  字体：Consolas,Courier New,Fixedsys,YaHei Consolas hybrid
  

• YaHei Consolas hybrid.1.12字体下载：
  • YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z
  • 百度网盘下载：YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z

bashrc

• ~/.bashrc

  alias grep='grep --color'                     # show differences in colour
  alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
  alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
  alias ls='ls -hF --color=tty'                 # classify files in colour
  alias ll='ls -la'                             # long list
  alias la='ls -A'                              # all but . and ..
  alias l='ls -CF'                              #
  alias ssh="ssh -S none"

  
  

• ~/.bash_profile

  PS1="[\w]$"
  #彩色的PS1会造成命令编辑时光标定位错误
  #PS1="\e[0;32m[\u@\h \W]\$ \e[m"

  
  

screen设置

#
# ~/.screenrc
#
# 启动时不显示欢迎屏幕
startup_message off
 
# 定义screen的功能键为Ctrl-A。向终端输入Ctrl-A时应按 Ctrl-A a。
#escape ^Aa
 
# 屏幕缓冲区 1024 行。
defscrollback 1024
 
# 显示窗口列表
caption always "%-w%{= BW}%50>%n %t%{-}%+w%<"
 
# 按 Ctrl-A w 或 Ctrl-A Ctrl-W 显示窗口列表
bind w windowlist -b
#bind ^w windowlist -b
 
#在使用screen过程中，经常会遇到“闪屏”的问题，这是可以关掉的。
#快速关掉：也就是先输入CTRL + a，再输入CTRL + g。
#永久关闭：修改/etc/screenrc 加入
vbell off

~/.vimrc

• vim没有语法高亮，需加载基本设置

  cd /usr/share/vim && cp vim74/vimrc_example.vim vimrc

• .vimrc设置

详见：vimrc

" ~/.vimrc
set mouse=c
set nobackup
 
" set paste
 
set fileformats=unix,dos,mac
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1
set encoding=utf-8
" set termencoding=cp936
let &termencoding = &encoding
language messages en_US.UTF-8
"language messages zh_CN.UTF-8
 
" colo murphy
 
" tab
set tabstop=4
set cindent shiftwidth=4
set autoindent shiftwidth=4
" TAB -> Space
set expandtab

~/.ssh/config

#ssh_config
#~/.ssh/config
IdentitiesOnly yes
ServerAliveInterval 60
GSSAPIAuthentication no
 
Host m*
    Port 22
    User root
    ControlMaster auto
    ControlPath ~/.ssh/master-%r@%h:%p
    #ProxyCommand connect-proxy -S 127.0.0.1:2223 %h %p
Host mNagios
    Hostname 172.16.16.150

其他设置

SSH Server

• OS修改环境变量：path增加c:/cygwin/bin
• OS增加环境变量：CYGWIN=ntsec tty
• Cygwin安裝必要的套件：OpenSSH，cygrunsrv
• Change permissions and ownership on some files:

  # 以下代码没测试过，慎用
  cd /; chmod -R og-w .
  chmod og+w /tmp
  touch /var/log/sshd.log
  chown system:system /var/log/sshd.log /var/empty /etc/ssh_h*
  chmod 755 /var/empty

  
  
  
• Cygwin設定OpenSSH：

  ssh-host-config

  
  

      Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) ：yes
      Should this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) ：yes
      Do you want to install sshd as service? (yes/no) ：yes
      Default is "ntsec" . CYGWIN=ntsec tty
  

• 启动OpenSSH：net start sshd

  cygrunsrv -S sshd

  
  
• 停止OpenSSH：net stop sshd

crontab

• 在Windows上安装系统服务 cron，开机即运行。

  cygrunsrv -I cron -p /usr/sbin/cron -a -D

• 启动服务

  cygrunsrv -S cron

nontsec

这在 Cygwin 下创建的文件，其他管理员不可写，是所谓的 ntsec 在起作用。通过 NTFS 的权限设置，模拟 UNIX 的权限。可以通过 CYGWIN 环境变量修改。如：

export CYGWIN="nontsec nosmbntsec"

中文乱码设置

**若存在中文问题才进行以下设置。**

• Rethat Cygwin安装后目录中文即正常，以下设置不一定需要。
• ~/.bashrc

  export SVN_EDITOR=vim
   
  # Redhat Cygwin中未做以下设置，中文正常
  alias ls='ls --color --show-control-chars'
  export LESSCHARSET=latin1
  alias less='/bin/less -r'
  #export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
  #export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8
  #export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
  #export OUTPUT_CHARSET="GBK"
   
  #stty cs8 -istrip
  #stty pass8
   
  export CYGWIN="nontsec nosmbntsec"

  
  

• ~/.inputrc

  # Allow 8-bit input/output
  set meta-flag on
  set convert-meta off
  set input-meta on
  set output-meta on

技巧收集

• Howto get version info?

  cygcheck -c cygwin

  
  
• 查看系统信息、软件包

  cygcheck -h #帮助
  cygcheck -s #sysinfo
  cygcheck -l #已安装包列表
  cygcheck -c #列出并校验已安装的包
  cygcheck -p vim #从cygwin.com源查询包

  
  
• 得到Windows格式的路径名?

  cygpath -d -m "`pwd`"

  
  
• 给curl安装CA Certificates

  curl http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem > /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt

  
  
• 同步Windows用户和组

  mkpasswd -l > /etc/passwd
  mkgroup -l > /etc/group
   
  # 如果有Domain的话，需要加上-d domainname 

  
  
• 设置Cygwin/mintty字体和大小
  • 界面中设置：右键菜单->Options->Text，然后选择你喜欢的字体和大小。
  • 如果没有你相要的字体，但Windows中有，可修改配置文件：~/.minttyrc，添加以下设置：

    BoldAsFont=no
    #Font=Courier New
    Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid
    FontHeight=12
    

• 给Cygwin添加more/col/whereis等命令：安装util-linux包:

  apt-cyg install util-linux

• 给Cygwin添加telnet/ftp工具:

  apt-cyg install inetutils

  
  
• 给Cygwin安装dig命令
  • 安装bind-utils包:

    apt-cyg install bind-utils

    
    
  • 检查系统中已设置好DNS: 

    ipconfig /all

    
    
• Cygwin error: -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
  • http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9300722/cygwin-error-bash-fork-retry-resource-temporarily-unavailable
  • http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall
  • 错误现象

    -bash-4.1$ wc m1.txt
          3 [main] bash 2216 child_info_fork::abort: data segment start: parent(0x26D000) !=     child(0x38D000)
          -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          2013930  4027950 74968256 m1.txt
    

  • 处理办法

    rkosegi's Answer seems to be working for everyone (myself included). But, just so you don't have to follow the daisy chain of links:
    
    (assuming Cygwin is installed at C:\cygwin):
    
    1.Open Task Manager and close any processes that look to be Cygwin related.
    2.Open C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
    3.Verify that dash.exe, ash.exe, rebase.exe, and rebaseall exist in this folder
        - If any of them are missing, re-run Cygwin setup and select the dash, ash, and rebase packages
    4.right-click your C:\Cygwin folder, uncheck Read-only (if its checked), and press OK.
        - When an error about not being able to switch some files comes up, select "Ignore All". Wait for this process to complete.
    5.Browse to C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
    6.Right click dash.exe and click "Run as Administrator". A command Prompt should appear with nothing but a $
    7.Type /usr/bin/rebaseall -v, hit enter, and wait for the process to complete.
        - If you get errors about Cygwin processes running, try Step 1 again. If that still doesn't work, Restart your computer into safe mode and try these steps again.
    8.Try opening Cygwin again.
    
    This process worked for me. I hope it works for you guys too.
    
    Source: http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall