简单使用ab命令压力测试
1. 最基本的关心两个选项 -c -n
例： ./ab -c 100 -n 10000 http://127.0.0.1/index.php
-c 100 即：每次并发100个
-n 10000 即： 共发送10000个请求
需了解几个关于压力测试的概念
-
吞吐率（Requests per second）
概念：服务器并发处理能力的量化描述，单位是reqs/s，指的是某个并发用户数下单位时间内处理的请求数。某个并发用户数下单位时间内能处理的最大请求数，称之为最大吞吐率。
计算公式：总请求数 / 处理完成这些请求数所花费的时间，即
Request per second = Complete requests / Time taken for tests -
并发连接数（The number of concurrent connections）
概念：某个时刻服务器所接受的请求数目，简单的讲，就是一个会话。 -
并发用户数（The number of concurrent users，Concurrency Level）
概念：要注意区分这个概念和并发连接数之间的区别，一个用户可能同时会产生多个会话，也即连接数。 -
用户平均请求等待时间（Time per request）
计算公式：处理完成所有请求数所花费的时间/ （总请求数 / 并发用户数），即
Time per request = Time taken for tests /（ Complete requests / Concurrency Level） -
服务器平均请求等待时间（Time per request: across all concurrent requests）
计算公式：处理完成所有请求数所花费的时间 / 总请求数，即
Time taken for / testsComplete requests
可以看到，它是吞吐率的倒数。
同时，它也=用户平均请求等待时间/并发用户数，即
Time per request / Concurrency Level
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
-n requests Number of requests to perform //请求链接数
-c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time //表示并发数
-t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
This implies -n 50000
-s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in HTML tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-h Display usage information (this message)
-Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol
(SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
示例详解
Concurrency Level: 100 //并发请求数 Time taken for tests: 50.872 seconds //整个测试持续的时间 Complete requests: 1000 //完成的请求数 Failed requests: 0 //失败的请求数 Total transferred: 13701482 bytes //整个场景中的网络传输量 HTML transferred: 13197000 bytes //整个场景中的HTML内容传输量 Requests per second: 19.66 [#/sec] (mean) //吞吐率，大家最关心的指标之一，相当于 LR 中的每秒事务数，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值 Time per request: 5087.180 [ms] (mean) //用户平均请求等待时间，大家最关心的指标之二，相当于 LR 中的平均事务响应时间，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值 Time per request: 50.872 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) //服务器平均请求处理时间，大家最关心的指标之三 Transfer rate: 263.02 [Kbytes/sec] received //平均每秒网络上的流量，可以帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题
