socket编程——一个简单的例子

从一个简单的使用TCP例子开始socket编程,其基本步骤如下:

server                                                  client

 

+++++++                                          ++++++++

创建socket                                          创建socket

+++++++                                          ++++++++

      |                                                         |

      |                                                         |

      |                                                         |

+++++++                                          ++++++++

地址赋值(                                           地址赋值(

自己的地址)                                        服务器地址)

+++++++                                          ++++++++

      |                                                         |

      |                                                         |

      |                                                         |

++++++++                                              |

用bind绑定                                                |

socket和地址                                             |

++++++++                                              |

      |                                                         |

      |                                                         |

      |                                                         |

+++++++                                                 |

listen                                                         |

+++++++                                                  |

      |                                                    ++++++++++

      |   <------------------------------          connect 服务器         

      |                                                    ++++++++++

+++++++                                                  |

accept                                                        |

+++++++                                                  |

      |                                                           |

      |                                                    +++++++++

      |                                                     recv 和send

      |                                                     进行数据处理

      |                                                     +++++++++

+++++++++                                                |

用accept得到                                                 |

的socket进行                                                 |

recv 和 send                                                 |

+++++++++                                                |

      |                                                             |

      |                                                             |

      |                                                             |

+++++++++                                        +++++++++

close socket                                         close socket

+++++++++                                        +++++++++

 

根据以上步骤,服务器端的代码为

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
#include <netinet/in.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <syslog.h>  
#include <errno.h>  
#define MAX_LISTEN_NUM 5  
#define SEND_BUF_SIZE 100  
#define RECV_BUF_SIZE 100  
#define LISTEN_PORT 1010  
int main()  
{  
  int listen_sock = 0;  
  int app_sock = 0;  
  struct sockaddr_in hostaddr;  
  struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;  
  int socklen = sizeof(clientaddr);  
  char sendbuf[SEND_BUF_SIZE] = {0};  
  char recvbuf[RECV_BUF_SIZE] = {0};  
  int sendlen = 0;  
  int recvlen = 0;  
  int retlen = 0;  
  int leftlen = 0;  
  char *ptr = NULL;  
  memset((void *)&hostaddr, 0, sizeof(hostaddr));  
  memset((void *)&clientaddr, 0, sizeof(clientaddr));  
  hostaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
  hostaddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);  
  hostaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);  
  listen_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);  
  if(listen_sock < 0)  
  {  
      syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s:%d, create socket failed", __FILE__, __LINE__);  
      exit(1);  
  }  
  if(bind(listen_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr, sizeof(hostaddr)) < 0)  
  {  
      syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s:%d, bind socket failed", __FILE__, __LINE__);  
      exit(1);  
  }  
  if(listen(listen_sock, MAX_LISTEN_NUM) < 0)  
  {  
      syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s:%d, listen failed", __FILE__, __LINE__);  
      exit(1);  
  }  
  while(1)  
  {  
      app_sock = accept(listen_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, &socklen);  
      if(app_sock < 0)  
     {  
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s:%d, accept failed", __FILE__, __LINE__);  
        exit(1);  
     }  
     sprintf(sendbuf, "welcome %s:%d here!/n", inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), clientaddr.sin_port);  
     //send data  
     sendlen = strlen(sendbuf) +1;  
     retlen = 0;  
     leftlen = sendlen;  
     ptr = sendbuf;  
     //while(leftlen)  
     {  
         retlen = send(app_sock, ptr, sendlen, 0);  
      if(retlen < 0)  
      {  
          if(errno == EINTR)  
            retlen = 0;  
        else  
            exit(1);  
      }  
      leftlen -= retlen;  
      ptr += retlen;  
     }  
     //receive data  
     recvlen = 0;  
     retlen = 0;  
     ptr = recvbuf;  
     leftlen = RECV_BUF_SIZE -1;  
     //do  
     {  
         retlen = recv(app_sock, ptr, leftlen, 0) ;  
      if(retlen < 0)  
      {  
          if(errno == EINTR)  
            retlen = 0;  
        else  
            exit(1);  
      }  
      recvlen += retlen;  
      leftlen -= retlen;  
      ptr += retlen;  
     }  
     //while(recvlen && leftlen);  
     printf("receive data is : %s", recvbuf);  
    close(app_sock);  
  }  
  close(listen_sock);  
    
  return 0;  
    
    
}  

客户端代码为:

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
#include <netinet/in.h>  
#include <syslog.h>  
#include <errno.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#define MAX_LISTEN_NUM 5  
#define SEND_BUF_SIZE 100  
#define RECV_BUF_SIZE 100  
#define SERVER_PORT 1010  
int main()  
{  
    int sock_fd = 0;  
    char recvbuf[RECV_BUF_SIZE] = {0};  
    char sendbuf[SEND_BUF_SIZE] = {0};  
    int recvlen = 0;  
    int retlen = 0;  
    int sendlen = 0;  
    int leftlen = 0;  
    char *ptr = NULL;  
    struct sockaddr_in ser_addr;  
      
    memset(&ser_addr, 0, sizeof(ser_addr));  
    ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
    inet_aton("127.0.0.1", (struct in_addr *)&ser_addr.sin_addr);  
    ser_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);  
    sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);  
    if(sock_fd < 0)  
    {  
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s:%d, create socket failed", __FILE__, __LINE__);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
    if(connect(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&ser_addr, sizeof(ser_addr)) < 0)  
    {  
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s:%d, connect socket failed", __FILE__, __LINE__);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
     //receive data  
     recvlen = 0;  
     retlen = 0;  
     ptr = recvbuf;  
     leftlen = RECV_BUF_SIZE -1;  
     //do  
     {  
         retlen = recv(sock_fd, ptr, leftlen, 0) ;  
      if(retlen < 0)  
      {  
          if(errno == EINTR)  
            retlen = 0;  
        else  
            exit(1);  
      }  
      recvlen += retlen;  
      leftlen -= retlen;  
      ptr += retlen;  
     }  
     //while(recvlen && leftlen);  
     printf("receive data is : %s", recvbuf);  
     sprintf(sendbuf, "hello server/n");  
     //send data  
     sendlen = strlen(sendbuf) +1;  
     retlen = 0;  
     leftlen = sendlen;  
     ptr = sendbuf;  
    // while(leftlen)  
     {  
         retlen = send(sock_fd, ptr, sendlen, 0);  
      if(retlen < 0)  
      {  
          if(errno == EINTR)  
            retlen = 0;  
        else  
            exit(1);  
      }  
      leftlen -= retlen;  
      ptr += retlen;  
     }  
     close(sock_fd);  
      
}  

现在一个简单的使用tcp的socket通信的例子已经完成了,这里有几个需要说明的问题

1)头文件:

sys/socket.h   包含了socket相关的函数,如socket,send 和recv, 以及struct sockaddr等

netinet/in.h    包含了地址结构,如struct sockaddr_in

errno.h           包含了errno 和 EINTR

syslog.h         包含了syslog相关的信息,其打印结果在/var/log/messages里面

2)socket地址

对于IPv4来说,其地址用的是struct sockaddr_in,具体结构如下

struct in_addr {  
  in_addr_t   s_addr;           /* 32-bit IPv4 address */  
                                /* network byte ordered */  
};  
  
struct sockaddr_in {  
  uint8_t         sin_len;      /* length of structure (16) */  
  sa_family_t     sin_family;   /* AF_INET */  
  in_port_t       sin_port;     /* 16-bit TCP or UDP port number */  
                                /* network byte ordered */  
  struct in_addr  sin_addr;     /* 32-bit IPv4 address */  
                                /* network byte ordered */  
  char            sin_zero[8];  /* unused */  
};  
其中sin_len我们一般不关注,也不填(只有在使用routing socket的时候才用到,被内核用来处理各种协议簇的地址结构)。
bind, connect, sendto, 和 sendmsg会把socket地址从程序传递给内核; 而accept, recvfrom, recvmsg, getpeername, 和
getsockname会把地址从内核传递给程序。因为不同协议簇的地址结构是不一样的,所以必须要有一个通用的指针来传递地址,
对于ANSI C来说我们一般使用void *,但是socket产生早于ANSI C,所以也就没有使用这个机制,而是使用一个通用的地址结构
struct sockaddr来处理的
struct sockaddr {  
  uint8_t      sa_len;  
  sa_family_t  sa_family;    /* address family: AF_xxx value */  
  char         sa_data[14];  /* protocol-specific address */  
}; 
IPv6的socket地址为struct sockaddr_in6

struct in6_addr {  
  uint8_t  s6_addr[16];          /* 128-bit IPv6 address */  
                                 /* network byte ordered */  
};  
  
#define SIN6_LEN      /* required for compile-time tests */  
  
struct sockaddr_in6 {  
  uint8_t         sin6_len;      /* length of this struct (28) */  
  sa_family_t     sin6_family;   /* AF_INET6 */  
  in_port_t       sin6_port;     /* transport layer port# */  
                                 /* network byte ordered */  
  uint32_t        sin6_flowinfo; /* flow information, undefined */  
  struct in6_addr sin6_addr;     /* IPv6 address */  
                                 /* network byte ordered */  
  uint32_t        sin6_scope_id; /* set of interfaces for a scope */  
};  

对于sockaddr-in6来说,我们不能用通用的地址struct sockaddr来存储了,而是产用新的通用地址结构struct sockaddr_storage,
这个结构足够大可以存储任何系统支持的地址。
struct sockaddr_storage {  
  uint8_t      ss_len;       /* length of this struct (implementation dependent) */  
  sa_family_t  ss_family;    /* address family: AF_xxx value */  
  /* implementation-dependent elements to provide: 
   * a) alignment sufficient to fulfill the alignment requirements of 
   *    all socket address types that the system support 
   * b) enough storage to hold any type of socket address that the 
   *    system supports. 
   */  
};  
几种常见的地址结构
3) 相关函数的的length

对于从程序传地址给内核的函数(如connect),其长度是一个整型值,告诉内核要copy的地址长度。

对于从内核传递给程序的函数(如accpt),其长度是一个整型指针,是一个value-result参数。有两个目的:一告诉内核地址结构的长度,
让内核在copy的时候不要超过这个长度;二返回内核真正copy的长度。 4)字节序 socket相关的函数都是使用网络字节序 5)地址转换函数 inet_aton, inet_ntoa, and inet_addr把IPv4字符串地址转为32位的网络字节序地址 inet_ptonand inet_ntop可以转换IPv4和IPv6的地址 6)listen中的backlog 要知道这个值的含义先用说一下,对于一个listen的socket,有两个队列:一个是incomplete connection队列(仅仅收到SYN);
一个是complete connection队列(三次握手完成)。accept函数就是在complete connection队列中取一个socket。backlog就是指队列的个数,
但不行的是各个地方都没有明确定义这个值,没有说明究竟代表了哪个队列,或是两个队列之和。一般来说可以 同时处理的连接数是backlog的1.5倍,很多地方都用5. 7) getsockname 和 getpeername 这两个函数可以与socket关联的地址,getsockname 和 getpeername分别得到自己和对端的地址
int getsockname(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *localaddr, socklen_t *addrlen)  
  
int getpeername(int sockfd , struct sockaddr * peeraddr , socklen_t * addrlen );  

FROM: http://blog.csdn.net/wind19/article/details/6156339

posted @ 2016-07-13 08:40  小A永不败  阅读(7377)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报