C++在Linux平台与Windows平台通过系统api获取域名的IP地址

链接

数据结构

Linux平台

#include <iostream>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
std::string getHostIpByName(const std::string &name)
{
    struct hostent *hptr;
    hptr = gethostbyname(name.c_str());
    if (hptr == nullptr)
    {
        hstrerror(h_errno);
        throw std::exception();
    }
    if (hptr->h_addrtype != AF_INET)
    {
        throw std::exception();
    }
    char **pptr = hptr->h_addr_list;
    if (*pptr == nullptr)
    {
        throw std::exception();
    }
    char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    inet_ntop(hptr->h_addrtype, hptr->h_addr, str, sizeof(str));
    return std::string{str};
}

using namespace std;
int main()
{
    std::cout << getHostIpByName("hiyj.cn") << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Windows平台：官方示例https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-gethostbyname

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{

    //-----------------------------------------
    // Declare and initialize variables
    WSADATA wsaData;
    int iResult;

    DWORD dwError;
    int i = 0;

    struct hostent *remoteHost;
    char *host_name;
    struct in_addr addr;

    char **pAlias;

    // Validate the parameters
    if (argc != 2) {
        printf("usage: %s hostname\n", argv[0]);
        printf("  to return the IP addresses for the host\n");
        printf("       %s www.contoso.com\n", argv[0]);
        printf(" or\n");
        printf("       %s IPv4string\n", argv[0]);
        printf("  to return an IPv4 binary address for an IPv4string\n");
        printf("       %s 127.0.0.1\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    // Initialize Winsock
    iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
    if (iResult != 0) {
        printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult);
        return 1;
    }

    host_name = argv[1];

    printf("Calling gethostbyname with %s\n", host_name);
    remoteHost = gethostbyname(host_name);
    
    if (remoteHost == NULL) {
        dwError = WSAGetLastError();
        if (dwError != 0) {
            if (dwError == WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND) {
                printf("Host not found\n");
                return 1;
            } else if (dwError == WSANO_DATA) {
                printf("No data record found\n");
                return 1;
            } else {
                printf("Function failed with error: %ld\n", dwError);
                return 1;
            }
        }
    } else {
        printf("Function returned:\n");
        printf("\tOfficial name: %s\n", remoteHost->h_name);
        for (pAlias = remoteHost->h_aliases; *pAlias != 0; pAlias++) {
            printf("\tAlternate name #%d: %s\n", ++i, *pAlias);
        }
        printf("\tAddress type: ");
        switch (remoteHost->h_addrtype) {
        case AF_INET:
            printf("AF_INET\n");
            break;
        case AF_NETBIOS:
            printf("AF_NETBIOS\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf(" %d\n", remoteHost->h_addrtype);
            break;
        }
        printf("\tAddress length: %d\n", remoteHost->h_length);

        i = 0;
        if (remoteHost->h_addrtype == AF_INET)
        {
            while (remoteHost->h_addr_list[i] != 0) {
                addr.s_addr = *(u_long *) remoteHost->h_addr_list[i++];
                printf("\tIP Address #%d: %s\n", i, inet_ntoa(addr));
            }
        }
        else if (remoteHost->h_addrtype == AF_NETBIOS)
        {   
            printf("NETBIOS address was returned\n");
        }   
    }

    return 0;
}