Ubuntu安装anaconda和一些常用的conda命令

time stamp:2022-03-28

author: Weber

实验环境

• vmware ubuntu虚拟机

  $uname -a

  Linux weber-virtual-machine 5.11.0-40-generic #44~20.04.2-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 26 18:07:44 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
  

实验步骤

1. 下载安装脚本

$wget -P /tmp https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh

如果下载速度过慢，可能是ubuntu没有换源，下面是给Ubuntu换源的步骤：

1. 将原先的源进行备份

   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
   

2. vim源文件并添加国内的源

   sudo vim/etc/apt/sources.list
   

   #配置内容（国内源）：
   #阿里源
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   
   
   #清华源
   # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   
   # 预发布软件源，不建议启用
   # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   
   #中科大源
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   
   #网易163源
   deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   

3. 更新

   #更新源
   sudo apt-get update
   #更新软件
   sudo apt-get upgrade
   

2.验证脚本数据完整性

$sha256sum /tmp/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh

输出类似于以下：

$fedf9e340039557f7b5e8a8a86affa9d299f5e9820144bd7b92ae9f7ee08ac60 /tmp/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh

确保上面的命令打印出来的哈希值和https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/hashes/lin-3-64/ 页面对应版本的 Anaconda 哈希值一样。

fedf9e340039557f7b5e8a8a86affa9d299f5e9820144bd7b92ae9f7ee08ac60

3.运行脚本安装

$bash /tmp/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh

输出：

Welcome to Anaconda3 2020.02

In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>> 

按ENTER继续。往下滑动阅读协议，使用ENTER按键。一旦你看完协议，你将会被询问是否接受协议条款：

Do you approve the license terms? [yes|no]

输入yes接受协议，并且你会被提示选择安装路径：

Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/root/anaconda3

    - Press ENTER to confirm the location
    - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
    - Or specify a different location below

默认的位置应该对大部分用户都可直接使用。按Enter确认位置。

安装过程将会花费一些时间，并且一旦完成，脚本将会问你是否想要运行conda init。输入yes。

Installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]

这将会将命令行工具conda添加到系统的PATH环境变量中。

想要激活 Anaconda，你可以关闭并且重新打开你的 shell 或者在当前 shell 会话中输入下面的命令，来重新加载PATH环境变量：

source ~/.bashrc

想要验证安装过程，在你的终端输入conda。

3.conda相关命令

创建环境

conda create --name your_env_name

输入y确认创建。

创建制定python版本的环境

conda create --name your_env_name python=2.7
conda create --name your_env_name python=3
conda create --name your_env_name python=3.5

创建包含某些包的环境

conda create --name your_env_name numpy scipy

创建指定python版本下包含某些包的环境

conda create --name your_env_name python=3.5 numpy scipy

列举当前所有环境

conda info --envs
conda env list

进入某个环境

activate your_env_name

退出当前环境

deactivate 

复制某个环境

conda create --name new_env_name --clone old_env_name 

删除某个环境

conda remove --name your_env_name --all