axios 中一个请求取消的示例:
axios 取消请求的示例代码
import React, { useState, useEffect } from "react";
import axios, { AxiosResponse } from "axios";
export default function App() {
const [index, setIndex] = useState(0);
const [imgUrl, setImgUrl] = useState("");
useEffect(() => {
console.log(</span>loading ${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>}<span class="pl-pds"> );
const source = axios.CancelToken.source();
axios
.get("https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random", {
cancelToken: source.token
})
.then((res: AxiosResponse<{ message: string; status: string }>) => {
console.log(</span>${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>} done<span class="pl-pds"> );
setImgUrl(res.data.message);
})
.catch(err => {
if (axios.isCancel(source)) {
console.log(err.message);
}
});
<span class="pl-k">return</span> () <span class="pl-k">=></span> {
<span class="pl-c1">console</span>.<span class="pl-c1">log</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">`</span>canceling ${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>}<span class="pl-pds">`</span></span>);
<span class="pl-smi">source</span>.<span class="pl-en">cancel</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">`</span>canceling ${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>}<span class="pl-pds">`</span></span>);
};
}, [index]);
return (
<div>
<button
onClick={() => {
setIndex(index + 1);
}}
>
click
</button>
<div>
<img src={imgUrl} alt="" />
</div>
</div>
);
}
axios 中一个请求取消的示例
通过解读其源码不难实现出一个自己的版本。Here we go...
Promise 链与拦截器
这个和请求的取消其实关系不大,但不妨先来了解一下,axios 中如何组织起来一个 Promise 链(Promise chain),从而实现在请求前后可执行一个拦截器(Interceptor)的。
简单来说,通过 axios 发起的请求,可在请求前后执行一些函数,来实现特定功能,比如请求前添加一些自定义的 header,请求后进行一些数据上的统一转换等。
用法
首先,通过 axios 实例配置需要执行的拦截器:
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
console.log('before request')
return config;
}, function (error) {
return Promise.reject(error);
});
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
console.log('after response');
return response;
}, function (error) {
return Promise.reject(error);
});
然后每次请求前后都会打印出相应信息,拦截器生效了。
下面编写一个页面,放置一个按钮,点击后发起请求,后续示例中将一直使用该页面来测试。
import React from "react";
import axios from "axios";
export default function App() {
const sendRequest = () => {
axios.interceptors.request.use(
config => {
console.log("before request");
return config;
},
function(error) {
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
<span class="pl-smi">axios</span>.<span class="pl-smi">interceptors</span>.<span class="pl-smi">response</span>.<span class="pl-en">use</span>(
<span class="pl-v">response</span> <span class="pl-k">=></span> {
<span class="pl-c1">console</span>.<span class="pl-c1">log</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>after response<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>);
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-smi">response</span>;
},
<span class="pl-k">function</span>(<span class="pl-v">error</span>) {
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">Promise</span>.<span class="pl-c1">reject</span>(<span class="pl-smi">error</span>);
}
);
<span class="pl-en">axios</span>({
url: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span><a href="https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="rgh-linkified-code"><span class="pl-pds"></span>https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random</a><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>,
method: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>GET<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>
}).<span class="pl-c1">then</span>(<span class="pl-v">res</span> <span class="pl-k">=></span> {
<span class="pl-c1">console</span>.<span class="pl-c1">log</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>load success<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>);
});
};
return (
<div>
<button onClick={sendRequest}>click me</button>
</div>
);
}
点击按钮后运行结果:
before request
after response
load success
拦截器机制的实现
实现分两步走,先看请求前的拦截器。
请求前拦截器的实现
Promise 的常规用法如下:
new Promise(resolve,reject);
假如我们封装一个类似 axios 的请求库,可以这么写:
interface Config {
url: string;
method: "GET" | "POST";
}
function request(config: Config) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open(config.method, config.url);
xhr.onload = () => {
resolve(xhr.responseText);
};
xhr.onerror = err => {
reject(err);
};
xhr.send();
});
}
除了像上面那个直接 new 一个 Promise 外,其实任意对象值都可以形成一个 Promise,方法是调用 Promise.resolve ,
Promise.resolve(value).then(()=>{ /**... */ });
这种方式创建 Promise 的好处是,我们可以从 config 开始,创建一个 Promise 链,在真实的请求发出前,先执行一些函数,像这样:
function request(config: Config) {
return Promise.resolve(config)
.then(config => {
console.log("interceptor 1");
return config;
})
.then(config => {
console.log("interceptor 2");
return config;
})
.then(config => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open(config.method, config.url);
xhr.onload = () => {
resolve(xhr.responseText);
};
xhr.onerror = err => {
reject(err);
};
xhr.send();
});
});
}
将前面示例中 axios 替换为我们自己写的 request 函数,示例可以正常跑起来,输出如下:
interceptor 1
interceptor 2
load success
这里,已经实现了 axios 中请求前拦截器的功能。仔细观察,上面三个 then 当中的函数,形成了一个 Promise 链,在这个链中顺次执行,每一个都可以看成一个拦截器,即使是执行发送请求的那个 then 。
于是我们可以将他们抽取成三个函数,每个函数就是一个拦截器。
function interceptor1(config: Config) {
console.log("interceptor 1");
return config;
}
function interceptor2(config: Config) {
console.log("interceptor 2");
return config;
}
function xmlHttpRequest<T>(config: Config) {
return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open(config.method, config.url);
xhr.onload = () => {
resolve(xhr.responseText as any);
};
xhr.onerror = err => {
reject(err);
};
xhr.send();
});
}
接下来要做的,就是从 Promise 链的头部 Promise.resolve(config) 开始,将上面三个函数串起来。借助 Monkey patch 这不难实现:
function request<T = any>(config: Config) {
let chain: Promise<any> = Promise.resolve(config);
chain = chain.then(interceptor1);
chain = chain.then(interceptor2);
chain = chain.then(xmlHttpRequest);
return chain as Promise<T>;
}
然后,将上面硬编码的写法程式化一下,就实现了任意个请求前拦截器的功能。
扩展配置,以接收拦截器:
interface Config {
url: string;
method: "GET" | "POST";
interceptors?: Interceptor<Config>[];
}
创建一个数组,将执行请求的函数做为默认的元素放进去,然后将用户配置的拦截器压入数组前面,这样形成了一个拦截器的数组。最后再遍历这个数组形成 Promise 链。
function request<T = any>({ interceptors = [], ...config }: Config) {
// 发送请求的拦截器为默认,用户配置的拦截器压入数组前面
const tmpInterceptors: Interceptor<any>[] = [xmlHttpRequest];
interceptors.forEach(interceptor => {
tmpInterceptors.unshift(interceptor);
});
let chain: Promise<any> = Promise.resolve(config);
tmpInterceptors.forEach(interceptor => (chain = chain.then(interceptor)));
return chain as Promise<T>;
}
使用:
执行结果:
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
load success
注意这里顺序为传入的拦截器的反序,不过这不重要,可通过传递的顺序来控制。
响应后拦截器
上面实现了在请求前执行一序列拦截函数,同理,如果将拦截器压入到数组后面,即执行请求那个函数的后面,便实现了响应后的拦截器。
继续扩展配置,将请求与响应的拦截器分开:
interface Config {
url: string;
method: "GET" | "POST";
interceptors?: {
request: Interceptor<Config>[];
response: Interceptor<any>[];
};
}
更新 request 方法,请求前拦截器的逻辑不变,将新增的响应拦截器通过 push 压入数组后面:
function request<T = any>({
interceptors = { request: [], response: [] },
...config
}: Config) {
const tmpInterceptors: Interceptor<any>[] = [xmlHttpRequest];
interceptors.request.forEach(interceptor => {
tmpInterceptors.unshift(interceptor);
});
interceptors.response.forEach(interceptor => {
tmpInterceptors.push(interceptor);
});
let chain: Promise<any> = Promise.resolve(config);
tmpInterceptors.forEach(interceptor => (chain = chain.then(interceptor)));
return chain as Promise<T>;
}
类似 interceptor1 interceptor2 ,新增两个拦截器用于响应后执行,
function interceptor3<T>(res: T) {
console.log("interceptor 3");
return res;
}
function interceptor4<T>(res: T) {
console.log("interceptor 4");
return res;
}
测试代码:
request({
url: "https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random",
method: "GET",
interceptors: {
request: [interceptor1, interceptor2],
response: [interceptor3, interceptor4]
}
}).then(res => {
console.log("load success");
});
运行结果:
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
interceptor 3
interceptor 4
load success
不难看出,当我们发起一次 axios 请求时,其实是发起了一次 Promise 链,链上的函数顺次执行。
request interceptor 1
request interceptor 2
...
request
response interceptor 1
response interceptor 2
...
因为拉弓没有回头箭,请求发出后,能够取消的是后续操作,而不是请求本身,所以上面的 Promise 链中,需要实现 request 之后的拦截器和后续回调的取消执行。
request interceptor 1
request interceptor 2
...
request
# 🚫 后续操作不再执行
response interceptor 1
response interceptor 2
...
请求的取消
Promise 链的中断
中断 Promise 链的执行,可通过 throw 异常来实现。
添加一个中间函数,将执行请求的函数进行封装,无论其成功与否,都抛出异常将后续执行中断。
function adapter(config: Config) {
return xmlHttpRequest(config).then(
res => {
throw "baddie!";
},
err => {
throw "baddie!";
}
);
}
更新 request 函数使用 adapter 而不是直接使用 xmlHttpRequest :
function request<T = any>({
interceptors = { request: [], response: [] },
...config
}: Config) {
- const tmpInterceptors: Interceptor<any>[] = [xmlHttpRequest];
+ const tmpInterceptors: Interceptor<any>[] = [adapter];
interceptors.request.forEach(interceptor => {
tmpInterceptors.unshift(interceptor);
});
interceptors.response.forEach(interceptor => {
tmpInterceptors.push(interceptor);
});
let chain: Promise<any> = Promise.resolve(config);
tmpInterceptors.forEach(interceptor => (chain = chain.then(interceptor)));
return chain as Promise<T>;
}
再次执行其输出结果为:
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
Uncaught (in promise) baddie!
请求取消的实现
按照 axios 的实现思路,要实现请求的取消,需要先创建一个 token,通过该 token 可调用一个 cancel 方法;通过将 token 传递到配置中,在发起请求时对 token 进行检查以判定该 token 是否执行过取消,如果是则利用上面的思路,将 Promise 链中断掉。
构造 token
所以不难看出,这里的 token 对象至少:
- 有一个
cancel 方法
- 有一个字段记录
cancel 方法是否被调用过
额外地,
由此我们得到这么一个类:
class CancelTokenSource {
private _canceled = false;
get canceled() {
return this._canceled;
}
private _message = "unknown reason";
get message() {
return this._message;
}
cancel(reason?: string) {
if (this.canceled) return;
if (reason) {
this._message = reason;
}
this._canceled = true;
}
}
添加 token 到配置
扩展配置,以接收一个用来取消的 token 对象:
interface Config {
url: string;
method: "GET" | "POST";
+ cancelToken?: CancelTokenSource;
interceptors?: {
request: Interceptor<Config>[];
response: Interceptor<any>[];
};
}
请求逻辑中处理取消
同时更新 xmlHttpRequest 函数,判断 token 的状态是否调用过取消,如果是则调用 xhr.abort() ,同时添加 onabort 回调以 reject 掉 Promise:
function xmlHttpRequest<T>(config: Config) {
return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open(config.method, config.url);
xhr.onload = () => {
resolve(xhr.responseText as any);
};
xhr.onerror = err => {
reject(err);
};
+ xhr.onabort = () => {
+ reject();
+ };
+ if (config.cancelToken) {
+ xhr.abort();
+ }
xhr.send();
});
}
取消的调用
将抛异常的代码抽取成方法以在多处调用,更新 adapter 的逻辑,在没有取消的情况下正常返回和 reject。
function throwIfCancelRequested(config: Config) {
if (config.cancelToken && config.cancelToken.canceled) {
throw config.cancelToken.message;
}
}
function adapter(config: Config) {
throwIfCancelRequested(config);
return xmlHttpRequest(config).then(
res => {
throwIfCancelRequested(config);
return res;
},
err => {
throwIfCancelRequested(config);
return Promise.reject(err);
}
);
}
测试请求的取消
似乎一切 okay,接下来测试一波。以下代码期望每次点击按钮发起请求,请求前先取消掉之前的请求。为了区分每次不同的请求,添加 index 变量,按钮点击时自增。
import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";
export default function App() {
const [index, setIndex] = useState(0);
useEffect(() => {
const token = new CancelTokenSource();
request({
url: "https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random",
method: "GET",
cancelToken: token,
interceptors: {
request: [interceptor1, interceptor2],
response: [interceptor3, interceptor4]
}
})
.then(res => {
console.log(</span>load ${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>} success<span class="pl-pds"> );
})
.catch(err => {
console.log("outer catch ", err);
});
<span class="pl-k">return</span> () <span class="pl-k">=></span> {
<span class="pl-smi">token</span>.<span class="pl-en">cancel</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">`</span>just cancel ${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>}<span class="pl-pds">`</span></span>);
};
}, [index]);
return (
<div>
<button
onClick={() => {
setIndex(index + 1);
}}
>
click me
</button>
</div>
);
}
加载页面进行测试,useEffect 会在页面加载后首次运行,会触发一次完整的请求流程。然后连续点击两次按钮,以取消掉两次中的前一次。运行结果:
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
interceptor 3
interceptor 4
load 0 success
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
outer catch just cancel 1
interceptor 3
interceptor 4
load 2 success
现有实现中的问题
从输出来看,
- 第一部分为首次请求,是一次正常的请求。
- 第二部分为第一次点击的请求拦截器的执行。
- 第三部分为第二次点击,将第一次请求进行了取消,然后完成一次完整的请求。
从输出和网络请求来看,有两个问题:
xhr.abort() 没有生效,连续的两次点击中,浏览器调试工具中会有两条状态为 200 的请求。
- 第一条请求后续的回调确实被取消掉了,但它是在等待请求成功后,在成功回调中取消的,这点可通过在取消函数中添加标志位来查看。
function throwIfCancelRequested(config: Config, flag?: number) {
if (config.cancelToken && config.cancelToken.canceled) {
console.log(flag);
throw config.cancelToken.message;
}
}
function adapter(config: Config) {
throwIfCancelRequested(config, 1);
return xmlHttpRequest(config).then(
res => {
//ℹ 后续输出证明,实际生效的是此处
throwIfCancelRequested(config, 2);
return res;
},
err => {
//ℹ 而非此处,即使取消的动作是在请求进行过程中
throwIfCancelRequested(config, 3);
return Promise.reject(err);
}
);
}
输出:
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
2
outer catch just cancel 1
interceptor 3
interceptor 4
load 2 success
优化
下面的优化需要解决上面的问题。所用到的方法便是 axios 中的逻辑 ,也是一开始看源码会不太理解的地方。
其实外部调用 cancel() 的时机并不确定,所以 token 对象上记录其是否被取消的字段,何时被置为 true 是不确定的,因此,我们取消请求的逻辑(xhr.abort() )应该是在一个 Promise 中来完成。
因此,在 CancelTokenSource 类中,创建一个 Promise 类型的字段,它会在 cancel() 方法被调用的时候 resolve 掉。
更新后的 CancelTokenSource 类:
class CancelTokenSource {
public promise: Promise<unknown>;
private resolvePromise!: (value?: any) => void;
constructor() {
this.promise = new Promise(resolve => {
this.resolvePromise = resolve;
});
}
private _canceled = false;
get canceled() {
return this._canceled;
}
private _message = "unknown reason";
get message() {
return this._message;
}
cancel(reason?: string) {
if (reason) {
this._message = reason;
}
this._canceled = true;
this.resolvePromise();
}
}
更新后访问 canceled 字段的逻辑:
function xmlHttpRequest<T>(config: Config) {
return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open(config.method, config.url);
xhr.onload = () => {
resolve(xhr.responseText as any);
};
xhr.onerror = err => {
reject(err);
};
xhr.onabort = () => {
reject();
};
if (config.cancelToken) {
config.cancelToken.promise.then(() => {
xhr.abort();
});
}
xhr.send();
});
}
测试优化后的版本
输出结果:
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
interceptor 3
interceptor 4
load 0 success
interceptor 2
interceptor 1
interceptor 2
3
interceptor 1
outer catch just cancel 1
interceptor 3
interceptor 4
load 2 success
浏览器调试工具的网络会有一次飘红被 abort 掉的请求,同时上面的输出(生效的地方是 3 而非 2)显示被取消的请求正确地 reject 掉了。
完整代码
自己实现的请求取消机制完整代码
import React, { useState, useEffect } from "react";
class CancelTokenSource {
public promise: Promise<unknown>;
private resolvePromise!: (value?: any) => void;
constructor() {
this.promise = new Promise(resolve => {
this.resolvePromise = resolve;
});
}
private _canceled = false;
get canceled() {
return this._canceled;
}
private _message = "unknown reason";
get message() {
return this._message;
}
cancel(reason?: string) {
if (reason) {
this._message = reason;
}
this._canceled = true;
this.resolvePromise();
}
}
type Interceptor<T> = (value: T) => T | Promise<T>;
interface Config {
url: string;
method: "GET" | "POST";
cancelToken?: CancelTokenSource;
interceptors?: {
request: Interceptor<Config>[];
response: Interceptor<any>[];
};
}
function interceptor1(config: Config) {
console.log("interceptor 1");
return config;
}
function interceptor2(config: Config) {
console.log("interceptor 2");
return config;
}
function interceptor3<T>(res: T) {
console.log("interceptor 3");
return res;
}
function interceptor4<T>(res: T) {
console.log("interceptor 4");
return res;
}
function xmlHttpRequest<T>(config: Config) {
return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open(config.method, config.url);
xhr.onload = () => {
resolve(xhr.responseText as any);
};
xhr.onerror = err => {
reject(err);
};
xhr.onabort = () => {
reject();
};
if (config.cancelToken) {
config.cancelToken.promise.then(() => {
xhr.abort();
});
}
xhr.send();
});
}
function throwIfCancelRequested(config: Config, flag?: number) {
if (config.cancelToken && config.cancelToken.canceled) {
console.log(flag);
throw config.cancelToken.message;
}
}
function adapter(config: Config) {
throwIfCancelRequested(config, 1);
return xmlHttpRequest(config).then(
res => {
throwIfCancelRequested(config, 2);
return res;
},
err => {
throwIfCancelRequested(config, 3);
return Promise.reject(err);
}
);
}
function request<T = any>({
interceptors = { request: [], response: [] },
...config
}: Config) {
const tmpInterceptors: Interceptor<any>[] = [adapter];
interceptors.request.forEach(interceptor => {
tmpInterceptors.unshift(interceptor);
});
interceptors.response.forEach(interceptor => {
tmpInterceptors.push(interceptor);
});
let chain: Promise<any> = Promise.resolve(config);
tmpInterceptors.forEach(interceptor => (chain = chain.then(interceptor)));
return chain as Promise<T>;
}
export default function App() {
const [index, setIndex] = useState(0);
useEffect(() => {
const token = new CancelTokenSource();
request({
url: "https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random",
method: "GET",
cancelToken: token,
interceptors: {
request: [interceptor1, interceptor2],
response: [interceptor3, interceptor4]
}
})
.then(res => {
console.log(</span>load ${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>} success<span class="pl-pds"> );
})
.catch(err => {
console.log("outer catch ", err);
});
<span class="pl-k">return</span> () <span class="pl-k">=></span> {
<span class="pl-smi">token</span>.<span class="pl-en">cancel</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">`</span>just cancel ${<span class="pl-smi">index</span>}<span class="pl-pds">`</span></span>);
};
}, [index]);
return (
<div>
<button
onClick={() => {
setIndex(index + 1);
}}
>
click me
</button>
</div>
);
}
运行效果
相关资源
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