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Compatible to nothing but itself 阅读全文
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An assembly is a unit of reuse, versioning, and security. The CLR operates on assemblies; that is, the CLR always loads the file that contains the manifest metadata tables first and then uses the manifest to get the names of the other files that are in the assembly. 阅读全文
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The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET initiative. It is Microsoft's implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, which defines an execution environment for program code. The CLR runs a form of bytecode called the Common Intermediate Language (CIL, previously known as MSIL -- Microsoft Standard Implementation Language). 阅读全文
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Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®, sometimes also written as Unix or Unix® with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit organizations. 阅读全文
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The GNU Project, started in 1984, had the goal of creating a "complete Unix-compatible software system" made entirely of free software.
MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in 1987.
In 1991, LinusTorvalds began to work on a non-commercial replacement for MINIX while he was attending the University of Helsinki. This eventually became the Linux kernel. 阅读全文