线程高级篇-读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock
转载原文:http://blog.csdn.net/john8169/article/details/53228016
读写锁: 分为读锁和写锁,多个读锁不互斥,读锁和写锁互斥,这是有JVM自己控制的.如果代码只能读取数据,可以多人同时读,不能同时写,上读锁,
如果代码要修改数据,只能有一个人写,而且不能同时读取.上写锁.
线程进入写锁的前提条件:
没有其他线程的读锁和写锁;
线程进入读锁的前提条件:
没有其他线程的写锁或写请求
(a).重入方面其内部的WriteLock可以获取ReadLock,但是反过来ReadLock想要获得WriteLock则永远都不要想。
(b).WriteLock可以降级为ReadLock,顺序是:先获得WriteLock再获得ReadLock,然后释放WriteLock,这时候线程将保持Readlock的持有。反过来ReadLock想要升级为WriteLock则不可能,为什么?参看(a),呵呵.
(c).ReadLock可以被多个线程持有并且在作用时排斥任何的WriteLock,而WriteLock则是完全的互斥。这一特性最为重要,因为对于高读取频率而相对较低写入的数据结构,使用此类锁同步机制则可以提高并发量。
(d).不管是ReadLock还是WriteLock都支持Interrupt,语义与ReentrantLock一致。
(e).WriteLock支持Condition并且与ReentrantLock语义一致,而ReadLock则不能使用Condition,否则抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常。
package com.imooc.locks; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class Queue { private Object data = null;//共享数据,只能有一个线程写该数据,但可以多个线程读取该数据 //读写锁 ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); // 相当于读操作 public void get() { rwl.readLock().lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to read data!"); Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 1000)); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "have read data :" + data); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { rwl.readLock().unlock(); } } // 相当于写操作 public void put(Object data) { rwl.writeLock().lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to write data!"); Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 1000)); this.data = data; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " have write data: " + data); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { rwl.writeLock().unlock(); } } }
package com.imooc.locks; import java.util.Random; public class ReadWriteLockTest { public static void main(String[] args) { final Queue q3 = new Queue(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { new Thread() { public void run() { while (true) { q3.get(); } } }.start(); new Thread() { public void run() { while (true) { q3.put(new Random().nextInt(10000)); } } }.start(); } } }
Thread-0 be ready to read data! Thread-2 be ready to read data! Thread-4 be ready to read data! Thread-0have read data :null Thread-2have read data :null Thread-4have read data :null Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 3101 Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 8258 Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 7242 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 4810 Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 7597 Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 8800 Thread-0 be ready to read data! Thread-4 be ready to read data! Thread-2 be ready to read data! Thread-0have read data :8800 Thread-2have read data :8800 Thread-4have read data :8800 Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 6606 Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 5436 Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 3912 Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 7689 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 3102 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 466 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 7377 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 5461 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 175 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 8805 Thread-3 be ready to write data! Thread-3 have write data: 8898 Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 8823 Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 5615 Thread-5 be ready to write data! Thread-5 have write data: 8118 Thread-0 be ready to read data! Thread-2 be ready to read data! Thread-4 be ready to read data! Thread-0have read data :8118 Thread-2have read data :8118 Thread-4have read data :8118 Thread-1 be ready to write data! Thread-1 have write data: 5314 Thread-1 be ready to write data!
从打印结果可以看出:
多个线程可以同时读取数据,但是只有一个线程可以写数据;